Taste Sensitivity for Sodium Chloride in Hypotensive, Normotensive and Hypertensive Subjects

Zumkley, H; Vetter, Hans; Mandelkow, T.; Spieker, C.

doi:10.1159/000184571

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although some early studies performed in Western populations suggested a relationship between salt taste and blood pressure, the studies were performed in clinical settings and did not show the results stratified by sex. 15,16,[26][27][28] Therefore, it is difficult to compare those results with the results of our study. Because this was a cross-sectional study, prospective studies regarding the connection between the taste of salt and blood pressure are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The taste of salt measured by a simple test and blood pressure in Japanese women and men

et al. 2009

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Salt intake is an important risk factor for hypertension. Because it has been reported that increased salt intake dulls the taste of salt, measuring the sense of taste might be a good way of identifying individuals who consume excessive salt. Using a recently developed simple salt taste test, we investigated the relationship between the taste of salt and blood pressure. The subjects in this cross-sectional study were 823 Japanese adults (479 women and 344 men) 40 years old or older. Following a taste test with salt-impregnated taste strips, the subjects were divided into two groups: normal (recognition threshold of salt at o1.0% concentration) and taste impaired (X1.0%). We determined hypertension from the measured blood pressure. In women, the multi-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of hypertension in the impaired group was 2.47 (1.53-3.99) compared with the normal group, whereas no significant difference was observed between the two male groups. When we excluded subjects with moderate and severe hypertension, similar findings were observed. A sub-analysis of couples living alone showed a higher prevalence of hypertension among men whose wives were in the impairment group (58.8%) than in the normal group (36.7%, P¼0.10). In conclusion, the taste of salt is associated with blood pressure in Japanese women, but not in men. Because most family meals in Japan are prepared by women, educating women about salt reduction may contribute to the prevention of hypertension, not only among women but also among their husbands and family members.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The taste of salt measured by a simple test and blood pressure in Japanese women and men

et al. 2009

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“…Some of them revealed a positive correlation between salt perception and blood pressure while others did not (7,8).…”

Section: J Arguelles Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium taste threshold in children and its relationship to blood pressure

Argüelles

Díaz

Málaga

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Popular science has emphasized the risks of high sodium intake and many studies have confirmed that salt intake is closely related to hypertension. The present mini-review summarizes experiments about salt taste sensitivity and its relationship with blood pressure (BP) and other variables of clinical and familial relevance. Children and adolescents from control parents (N = 72) or with at least one essential hypertensive (EHT) parent (N = 51) were investigated. Maternal questionnaires on eating habits and vomiting episodes were collected. Offspring, anthropometric, BP, and salt taste sensitivity values were recorded and blood samples analyzed. Most mothers declared that they added "little salt" when cooking. Salt taste sensitivity was inversely correlated with systolic BP (SBP) in control youngsters (r = -0.33; P = 0.015). In the EHT group, SBP values were similar to control and a lower salt taste sensitivity threshold was found. Obese offspring of EHT parents showed higher SBP and C-reactive protein values but no differences in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity. Salt taste sensitivity was correlated with SBP only in the nonobese EHT group (N = 41; r = 0.37; P = 0.02). Salt taste sensitivity was correlated with SBP in healthy, normotensive children and adolescents whose mothers reported significant vomiting during the first trimester (N = 18; r = -0.66; P < 0.005), but not in "non-vomiter offspring" (N = 54; r = -0.18; nonsignificant). There is evidence for a linkage between high blood pressure, salt intake and sensitivity, perinatal environment and obesity, with potential physiopathological implications in humans. This relationship has not been studied comprehensively using homogeneous methods and therefore more research is needed in this field.

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“…Because of the well-established link between high dietary salt intake and blood pressure 2 , salty taste has long been an area of focus in examining differences between hypertensives and normotensives in terms of hedonic appeal of salt 3–5 , perceived salty taste intensity 6,7 , and sensitivity to salty taste 5,8–14 , as any differences between these groups may allow for diagnosing or managing hypertension 7,15 . To date, findings from research of this nature have been largely equivocal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No definitive association between blood pressure and either salt preference 3–5 or perceived salty taste intensity 6,7 has been published thus far. Examinations of the link between blood pressure and salty taste sensitivity, measured via detection thresholds (defined as the lowest concentration of a stimulus needed by a subject to detect its presence relative to water 16 ) or recognition thresholds (defined as the lowest concentration of a stimulus correctly identified by name by a subject based on its characteristic taste 16 ), have produced mixed results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption in the Relationship between Blood Pressure and Salty Taste Thresholds among Overweight and Obese Children

Bobowski¹,

Mennella²

2015

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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Background Prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) among American children has increased over the past two decades, due in part to increasing rates of obesity and excessive dietary salt intake. Objective We tested the hypotheses that the relationships among BP, salty taste sensitivity, and salt intake differ between normal-weight and overweight/obese children. Design In an observational study, sodium chloride (NaCl) and monosodium glutamate (MSG) taste detection thresholds were measured using the Monell two-alternative, forced-choice, paired-comparison tracking method. Weight and BP were measured, and salt intake was determined by 24-hour dietary recall. Participants/Setting Eight- to 14-year-olds (N=97; 52% overweight or obese) from the Philadelphia area completed anthropometrics and BP measurements; 97% completed one or both thresholds. Seventy-six percent provided valid dietary recall data. Testing was completed between December 2011 and August 2012. Main outcome measures NaCl and MSG detection thresholds, BP, and dietary salt intake. Statistical analyses Outcome measures were compared between normal-weight and overweight/obese children with t-tests. Relationships among outcome measures within groups were examined with Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between BP and thresholds, controlling for age, BMI-Z score, and dietary salt intake. Results Salt and MSG thresholds were positively correlated (r(71)=0.30, p=0.01) and did not differ between body-weight groups (p>0.20). Controlling for age, BMI-Z score, and salt intake, systolic BP was associated with NaCl thresholds among normal-weight children (p=0.01), but not among overweight/obese children. All children consumed excess salt (>8 g/day). Grain and meat products were the primary source of dietary sodium. Conclusions The apparent disruption in the relationship between salty taste response and BP among overweight/obese children suggests the relationship may be influenced by body weight. Further research is warranted to explore this relationship as a potential measure to prevent development of hypertension.

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Taste Sensitivity for Sodium Chloride in Hypotensive, Normotensive and Hypertensive Subjects

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

The taste of salt measured by a simple test and blood pressure in Japanese women and men

The taste of salt measured by a simple test and blood pressure in Japanese women and men

Sodium taste threshold in children and its relationship to blood pressure

Disruption in the Relationship between Blood Pressure and Salty Taste Thresholds among Overweight and Obese Children

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