Taste and Pain Response in Burning Mouth Syndrome With and Without Geographic Tongue

Su, Nan; Poon, Renee; Liu, Cindy H.; Dewan, Crystal; Darling, Mark; Grushka, Miriam

doi:10.11607/ofph.2565

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Stedman's Medical Dictionary defines a syndrome as an "aggregate of symptoms and signs associated with any morbid process, together constituting the picture of the disease" [36]. Although a broad range of symptoms have been reported with BMS (i.e., allodynia and other varying pain descriptors [6], taste changes [16,38] and subjective dry mouth [23]) whether these symptoms contribute consistently to BMS remains unclear. The only consistent symptom required for diagnosis is a sensation of oral burning or dysesthesia [4,26,28,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus agreement to rename burning mouth syndrome and improve International Classification of Diseases-11 disease criteria: an international Delphi study

Chmieliauskaite

Stelson

Epstein

et al. 2021

Pain

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The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) proposes revisions in the nomenclature, disease definition, and diagnostic criteria for “burning mouth syndrome” (BMS). This process could benefit from additional systematically collected expert input. Thus, the purpose of this study was to use the Delphi method to (1) determine whether revision in nomenclature and alternative names for “BMS” are warranted and (2) identify areas of consensus among experts for changes to the disease description and proposed diagnostic criteria of “BMS,” as described in the ICD-11 (World Health Organization). From 31 international invited experts, 23 who expressed interest were sent the survey. The study used 4 iterative surveys, each with a response rate of ≥82%. Consensus was predefined as 70% of participants in agreement. Data were summarized using both descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis. Consensus indicated that BMS should not be classified as a syndrome and recommended instead renaming to “burning mouth disorder.” Consensus included deletion of 2 diagnostic criteria: (1) emotional distress or functional disability and (2) the number of hours symptoms occur per day. Additional items that reached consensus clarified the disease definition and proposed more separate diagnostic criteria, including a list of local and systemic factors to evaluate as potential secondary causes of oral burning. Experts in this study recommended and came to consensus on select revisions to the proposed ICD-11 BMS nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, and disease definition. The revisions recommended have the potential to improve clarity, consistency, and accuracy of diagnosis for this disorder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus agreement to rename burning mouth syndrome and improve International Classification of Diseases-11 disease criteria: an international Delphi study

Chmieliauskaite

Stelson

Epstein

et al. 2021

Pain

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in oral burning pain patients demonstrated alterations in cerebral blood flow and gray matter volume in pain‐related brain regions (e.g. the anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, pars orbitalis, insula, thalamus), suggesting a change at the central level of pain processing (Albuquerque et al, 2006; Su et al, 2020; Wada et al, 2017). Future studies are needed to better explore by means of fMRI the effect of chemosensory stimuli in patients with oral burning pain, for instance, in comparison with a neuropathic pain model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many different treatments are offered (e.g. chlorhexidine oral rinses, benzodiazepines, antihistamine medications, anti‐inflammatory drugs, antifungal agents, vitamins, topical steroids, capsaicin, psychotherapy); despite advances in our understanding of the condition, it remains a challenge for clinicians (McMillan et al, 2016; Su et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpleasant olfactory and gustatory stimuli increase pain unpleasantness in patients with chronic oral burning pain: An exploratory study

Sandri

Cecchini

Zanini

et al. 2022

European Journal of Pain

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Background: Despite mounting evidence for the powerful influence of smell and taste substances in experimental pain, our knowledge of their effects in the clinical context is scarce, especially for patients with chronic oral burning pain.To fill this gap, we investigated the effect of olfactory and gustatory stimuli on pain perception in patients with chronic oral burning pain, a disabling condition that is difficult to manage and treat.Methods: Twenty-two patients with chronic oral burning pain underwent testing with a variety of olfactory and gustatory substances (pleasant, neutral, unpleasant) in multisensory interaction. The order of testing was randomized. Perception of pain intensity and unpleasantness was evaluated on a numerical rating scale at baseline and immediately after each test trial.Results: Pain unpleasantness but not pain intensity was found to be modulated by chemosensory stimuli. Unpleasant olfactory and gustatory stimuli increased the perception of pain unpleasantness compared to pleasant and neutral stimuli.Pain unpleasantness after unpleasant olfactory and gustatory stimuli correlated with psychological questionnaire subscale scores for distress (CORE-OM) and emotional awareness (TAS-20).

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“…In 2020, Su et al [49] evaluated the correlation between of geographic tongue upon taste, salivary flow and the pain characteristics of patients with BMS in order to determine whether geographic tongue contributes to BMS. The authors reported differences in age, gender, oral pH, smell, and pain between the groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemosensory Function in Burning Mouth Syndrome a Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

López‐Jornet¹,

Collado

Zambudio

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Taste and smell are considered to be functions that contribute to the maintenance of good nutritional status. The present study evaluates taste and smell function in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) versus a control group. A cross-sectional study was made of 36 consecutive patients with BMS and 56 healthy patients. Smell was assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks test, while taste was evaluated with Taste Strips. Oral quality of life was assessed with the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and the severity of dry mouth with the Thompson Xerostomia Inventory. The patients with BMS had a mean age of 60.4 0 ± 10.5 years, while the controls had a mean age of 61.3 ± 19 years. No significant differences in smell were recorded between the two groups. In contrast, significant differences in taste function were observed between the patients with BMS and the controls. In the patients with BMS, 44.4% suffered taste alterations compared with the 3.4% healthy controls. Further studies in such patients are needed to allow improved management of the chemosensory problems, mouth dryness, and oral health-related quality of life in BMS.

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Taste and Pain Response in Burning Mouth Syndrome With and Without Geographic Tongue

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Consensus agreement to rename burning mouth syndrome and improve International Classification of Diseases-11 disease criteria: an international Delphi study

Consensus agreement to rename burning mouth syndrome and improve International Classification of Diseases-11 disease criteria: an international Delphi study

Unpleasant olfactory and gustatory stimuli increase pain unpleasantness in patients with chronic oral burning pain: An exploratory study

Chemosensory Function in Burning Mouth Syndrome a Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

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