Taste and move: glucose and peptide transporters in the gastrointestinal tract

Daniel, Hannelore; Zietek, Tamara

doi:10.1113/ep085029

Cited by 58 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Glucose is also the primary cellular fuel source in almost all human tissues. Carbohydrates must first be hydrolysed into their constituent monomers before being absorbed across the intestine and entering the systemic circulation [23]. Therefore, most dietary carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, fructose and/or galactose prior to their subsequent absorption.…”

Section: Dietary Carbohydrates For Sport Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, most dietary carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, fructose and/or galactose prior to their subsequent absorption. The major intestinal absorption route of glucose involves sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), which transports glucose from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte [23]. Other putative routes include transport by glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and GLUT12, although these are yet to be clearly established in humans [24], and are likely to play only minor roles in intestinal glucose absorption [23].…”

Section: Dietary Carbohydrates For Sport Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major intestinal absorption route of glucose involves sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), which transports glucose from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte [23]. Other putative routes include transport by glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and GLUT12, although these are yet to be clearly established in humans [24], and are likely to play only minor roles in intestinal glucose absorption [23]. Whilst fructose has an identical chemical formula to glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ), glucose has an aldehyde group at position 1 of its carbon chain, whereas fructose possesses a keto group in position two of its carbon chain [25].…”

Section: Dietary Carbohydrates For Sport Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The light grey shaded area represents the 95% confidence intervals for GLU and the dark grey shaded area represents the 95% confidence intervals for GLU + FRU and SUC. Data extracted from references [22,23,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…GLUT, glucose transporter; SGLT, sodium-dependent glucose transporter. Table comprised using information from references [18,19,20,21,22,23]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucose Plus Fructose Ingestion for Post-Exercise Recovery—Greater than the Sum of Its Parts?

et al. 2017

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Carbohydrate availability in the form of muscle and liver glycogen is an important determinant of performance during prolonged bouts of moderate- to high-intensity exercise. Therefore, when effective endurance performance is an objective on multiple occasions within a 24-h period, the restoration of endogenous glycogen stores is the principal factor determining recovery. This review considers the role of glucose–fructose co-ingestion on liver and muscle glycogen repletion following prolonged exercise. Glucose and fructose are primarily absorbed by different intestinal transport proteins; by combining the ingestion of glucose with fructose, both transport pathways are utilised, which increases the total capacity for carbohydrate absorption. Moreover, the addition of glucose to fructose ingestion facilitates intestinal fructose absorption via a currently unidentified mechanism. The co-ingestion of glucose and fructose therefore provides faster rates of carbohydrate absorption than the sum of glucose and fructose absorption rates alone. Similar metabolic effects can be achieved via the ingestion of sucrose (a disaccharide of glucose and fructose) because intestinal absorption is unlikely to be limited by sucrose hydrolysis. Carbohydrate ingestion at a rate of ≥1.2 g carbohydrate per kg body mass per hour appears to maximise post-exercise muscle glycogen repletion rates. Providing these carbohydrates in the form of glucose–fructose (sucrose) mixtures does not further enhance muscle glycogen repletion rates over glucose (polymer) ingestion alone. In contrast, liver glycogen repletion rates are approximately doubled with ingestion of glucose–fructose (sucrose) mixtures over isocaloric ingestion of glucose (polymers) alone. Furthermore, glucose plus fructose (sucrose) ingestion alleviates gastrointestinal distress when the ingestion rate approaches or exceeds the capacity for intestinal glucose absorption (~1.2 g/min). Accordingly, when rapid recovery of endogenous glycogen stores is a priority, ingesting glucose–fructose mixtures (or sucrose) at a rate of ≥1.2 g·kg body mass−1·h−1 can enhance glycogen repletion rates whilst also minimising gastrointestinal distress.

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Section: Dietary Carbohydrates For Sport Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dietary Carbohydrates For Sport Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dietary Carbohydrates For Sport Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…GLUT, glucose transporter; SGLT, sodium-dependent glucose transporter. Table comprised using information from references [18,19,20,21,22,23]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Glucose Plus Fructose Ingestion for Post-Exercise Recovery—Greater than the Sum of Its Parts?

et al. 2017

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Proton Coupled Oligopeptide Transporter 1 (PepT1) Function, Regulation, and Influence on the Intestinal Homeostasis

Spanier

Rohm

2018

Comprehensive Physiology

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As the organ with one of the largest surface areas facing the environment and responsible for nutrient uptake, the small intestine expresses numerous transport proteins in its brush-border membrane for efficient absorption and supply of dietary macro- and micronutrients. The understanding of regulation and functional interplay of these nutrient transporters is of emerging interest in nutrition and medical physiology research in respect to development of diabetes, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease worldwide. The peptide transporter 1 (PepT1, SLC15A1) is abundantly expressed particularly in the intestinal tract and provides highly effective transport of amino acids in the form of di- and tripeptides and features a substantial acceptance for structurally related compounds and drugs. These characteristics bring PepT1 into focus for nutritional and medical/pharmaceutical approaches, as it is the essential hub responsible for oral bioavailability of dietary protein/peptide supplements and peptide-like drugs in eukaryotic organisms. Detailed analysis of molecular processes regulating PepT1 expression and function achieved in the last two decades has helped to define and use adjusting tools and to better integrate the transporter's role in cell and organ physiology. In this article, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on PepT1 function in health and disease, and on regulatory factors modulating its gene and protein expression as well as transport activity. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:843-869, 2018.

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Physiology of Electrolyte Transport in the Gut: Implications for Disease

Rao

2019

Comprehensive Physiology

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We now have an increased understanding of the genetics, cell biology, and physiology of electrolyte transport processes in the mammalian intestine, due to the availability of sophisticated methodologies ranging from genome wide association studies to CRISPR‐CAS technology, stem cell‐derived organoids, 3D microscopy, electron cryomicroscopy, single cell RNA sequencing, transgenic methodologies, and tools to manipulate cellular processes at a molecular level. This knowledge has simultaneously underscored the complexity of biological systems and the interdependence of multiple regulatory systems. In addition to the plethora of mammalian neurohumoral factors and their cross talk, advances in pyrosequencing and metagenomic analyses have highlighted the relevance of the microbiome to intestinal regulation. This article provides an overview of our current understanding of electrolyte transport processes in the small and large intestine, their regulation in health and how dysregulation at multiple levels can result in disease. Intestinal electrolyte transport is a balance of ion secretory and ion absorptive processes, all exquisitely dependent on the basolateral Na + /K + ATPase; when this balance goes awry, it can result in diarrhea or in constipation. The key transporters involved in secretion are the apical membrane Cl − channels and the basolateral Na + ‐K + ‐2Cl − cotransporter, NKCC1 and K + channels. Absorption chiefly involves apical membrane Na + /H + exchangers and Cl − /HCO 3 − exchangers in the small intestine and proximal colon and Na + channels in the distal colon. Key examples of our current understanding of infectious, inflammatory, and genetic diarrheal diseases and of constipation are provided. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:947‐1023, 2019.

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Taste and move: glucose and peptide transporters in the gastrointestinal tract

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Glucose Plus Fructose Ingestion for Post-Exercise Recovery—Greater than the Sum of Its Parts?

Glucose Plus Fructose Ingestion for Post-Exercise Recovery—Greater than the Sum of Its Parts?

Proton Coupled Oligopeptide Transporter 1 (PepT1) Function, Regulation, and Influence on the Intestinal Homeostasis

Physiology of Electrolyte Transport in the Gut: Implications for Disease

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