Tasks Matter

Venema, Dawn M.; Bartels, Emily C.; Siu, Ka-Chun

doi:10.1519/jpt.0b013e31827bc36f

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Supporting the results of this study, Venema et al (2013) found a moderate correlation between MMSE and walking performance associated with an arithmetic task in community-dwelling older people (mean age of 80.2 years). TUGT-motor is often used to assess balance and screen risk of falls in older adults (Shumway-Cook et al , 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationship between dual task walking, cognition, and depression in oldest old people

Ansai

Aurichio

Rebelatto

2015

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationship between dual task walking, cognition, and depression in oldest old people

Ansai

Aurichio

Rebelatto

2015

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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“…In addition, studies indicate that increasing difficulty levels (from DT to multitask-performance or with different task complexities e.g. from processing speed to decision-making tasks; see Table 1) further amplify the effects of cognitive-motor interference on walking performance [46–51]. Systematic reviews have further highlighted that cognitive-motor interference rises based on the task domain and the individual’s abilities and resources [52, 53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A taxonomy of cognitive tasks to evaluate cognitive-motor interference on spatiotemoporal gait parameters in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wollesen

Wanstrath

Schooten

et al. 2019

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Background Walking in natural environments can be considered a dual-task (DT) scenario that requires increasing cognitive resources with advancing age. Previous reviews concluded that gait speed under DT conditions is equivalent to gait speed as a single task (ST) in the prediction of future falls in older people. However, without a clear taxonomy, these conclusions might be premature. The aim of this review is to use a taxonomy for classifying cognitive tasks of cognitive-motor interference (CMI) paradigms while walking to identify which task domains lead to more pronounced cognitive-motor decrements due to fall risk and concern about falling (CoF) in older people. Methods A systematic literature research following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using MEDLINE, Psych-Info and EMBASE. Inclusion criteria were: older people ≥60 years with a previous fall or CoF, use of a DT paradigm to discriminate fallers and non-fallers, straight overground walking, reported gait measurements during ST and DT conditions. A meta-analysis estimated the effect of DT costs for the cognitive task domain and spatiotemporal gait parameters. Results N = 3737 studies were found within the databases. Nineteen studies were included ( n = 14 for meta-analysis). Fallers and people with CoF showed reduced walking speed for ST and DT conditions. Effects of DT were examined for mental tracking tasks. The combined odds ratio (OR [95% confidence interval]) for fallers vs. non-fallers for ST was 3.13 [0.47, 5.80] with moderate heterogeneity ( I 2 = 48%). For DT, the OR was 5.17 [2.42, 7.93] with low heterogeneity ( I 2 = 37%). Comparing participants with and without CoF, the OR for ST was 12.41 [9.97, 14.84] with high heterogeneity ( I 2 = 85%) and OR for mental tracking DT was 10.49 [7.58, 13.40] with moderate heterogeneity ( I 2 = 51%). Conclusion CMI was not significantly different between fallers and non-fallers or people with and without CoF; however, our taxonomy revealed a large variety of cognitive conditions and a higher number of studies using mental tracking tasks, which make it impossible to draw firm conclusions. Future studies should use a more standardised and ecologically valid approach when evaluating the validity of DT gait performance in the prediction of falls, CoF or other age-related conditions. Trial registration This review was registered at Prospero with the ID: CRD42017068912 .

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“…Hence, task settings including controlled processes (e.g., inhibiting information) or motor components (e.g., carrying a tray) showed more decrements in DT performance in older adults than other task combinations. Moreover, studies indicate that increasing difficulty levels (from DT to multi-task-performance or with different task complexities, e.g., from processing speed to executive tasks) also increase the effects of DT on gait decrements (Hall et al, 2011; Venema et al, 2013; Li et al, 2014; Menant et al, 2014; MacLean et al, 2017). However, in contrast to previous research, a study by Plummer-D’Amato et al (2012) failed to show effects of different cognitive loads on DT walking performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Cognitive-Motor Interference in Older Adults While Walking and Performing a Visual-Verbal Stroop Task

Wollesen

Voelcker‐Rehage

2019

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Objectives: Studies using the dual-task (DT) paradigm to explain age-related performance decline due to cognitive-motor interference (CMI) which causes DT costs (DTCs) revealed contradictory results for performances under DT conditions. This cross-sectional study analyzed whether differences in demographics, physical functioning, concerns of falling (CoF), and other mental factors can explain positive and negative DTCs in older adults while walking in DT situations.Methodology: N = 222 participants (57–89 years) performed a single task (ST) and a DT walking condition (visual-verbal Stroop task) in randomized order on a treadmill. Gait parameters (step length, step width) were measured at a constant self-selected walking speed. Demographics [age, Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE)], physical functioning (hand grip strength), CoF [Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I)], and mental factors [Short Form-12 (SF-12)] were assessed. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to reveal subgroup differences. A four-step hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to identify which variables determine the DTC.Results: Three subgroups were identified: (1) participants (n = 53) with positive DTCs (improvements under DT conditions); (2) participants with negative DTCs (n = 60) in all gait parameters; and (3) participants (n = 109) who revealed non-uniform DTCs. Baseline characteristics between the subgroups showed differences in age (F(2,215) = 4.953; p = 0.008; η2 = 0.044). The regression analysis revealed that physical functioning was associated with positive DTC and CoF with negative DTC.Conclusion: The results confirmed a huge inter-individual variability in older adults. They lead us to suggest that factors causing performance differences in DTCs needs to be reassessed. Functional age seems to determine DTCs rather than calendric age. Psychological variables particularly seem to negatively influence DT performance.

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Tasks Matter

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Relationship between dual task walking, cognition, and depression in oldest old people

Relationship between dual task walking, cognition, and depression in oldest old people

A taxonomy of cognitive tasks to evaluate cognitive-motor interference on spatiotemoporal gait parameters in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Differences in Cognitive-Motor Interference in Older Adults While Walking and Performing a Visual-Verbal Stroop Task

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