Task-Specific Somatosensory Feedback via Cortical Stimulation in Humans

Cronin, Jeneva A.; Wu, Jing; Collins, Kelly L.; Sarma, D. D.; Rao, Rajesh P. N.; Ojemann, Jeffrey G.; Olson, Jared D.

doi:10.1109/toh.2016.2591952

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The cortical stimulation used in our experiment was delivered across two electrodes spaced 10 mm apart on the surface of the postcentral gyrus, resulting in the simultaneous depolarization of large and functionally heterogeneous neuronal populations devoted to the processing of multiple different somatosensory modalities. The perceptual correlates of such large-scale electrical stimulations of the SI cortex are typically described as unnatural sensations of touch, wind, or numbness and are difficult to describe in conventional terms (15)(16)(17). Indeed, both of our subjects stated that the stimulation felt unlike anything they had experienced before and that, even though anatomically well defined, the sensation did not correspond well with any one somatosensory modality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Ownership of an artificial limb induced by electrical brain stimulation

Collins

Guterstam

Cronin

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Replacing the function of a missing or paralyzed limb with a prosthetic device that acts and feels like one's own limb is a major goal in applied neuroscience. Recent studies in nonhuman primates have shown that motor control and sensory feedback can be achieved by connecting sensors in a robotic arm to electrodes implanted in the brain. However, it remains unknown whether electrical brain stimulation can be used to create a sense of ownership of an artificial limb. In this study on two human subjects, we show that ownership of an artificial hand can be induced via the electrical stimulation of the hand section of the somatosensory (SI) cortex in synchrony with touches applied to a rubber hand. Importantly, the illusion was not elicited when the electrical stimulation was delivered asynchronously or to a portion of the SI cortex representing a body part other than the hand, suggesting that multisensory integration according to basic spatial and temporal congruence rules is the underlying mechanism of the illusion. These findings show that the brain is capable of integrating "natural" visual input and direct cortical-somatosensory stimulation to create the multisensory perception that an artificial limb belongs to one's own body. Thus, they serve as a proof of concept that electrical brain stimulation can be used to "bypass" the peripheral nervous system to induce multisensory illusions and ownership of artificial body parts, which has important implications for patients who lack peripheral sensory input due to spinal cord or nerve lesions.body perception | electrical brain stimulation | neuroprosthetics | multisensory integration | self

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Ownership of an artificial limb induced by electrical brain stimulation

Collins

Guterstam

Cronin

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This second approach presents stimulation first and measures the evoked sensation afterwards [20], [44]. By exploiting cortical adaptation, electrical stimulation has artificially evoked a variety of sensations, utilized by rodents [19], primates [17], [45] and human patients [46] to solve sensorimotor tasks. Rather than answer this debate conclusively, the purpose of this paper is to address a more fundamental question.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Robust Encoding Scheme for Delivering Artificial Sensory Information via Direct Brain Stimulation

Bjånes

Moritz

2019

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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Innovations for creating somatosensation via direct electrical stimulation of the brain will be required for the next generation of bi-directional cortical neuroprostheses. The current lack of tactile perception and proprioceptive input likely imposes a fundamental limit on speed and accuracy of brain-controlled prostheses or re-animated limbs. This study addresses the unique challenge of identifying a robust, high bandwidth sensory encoding scheme in a high-dimensional parameter space. Previous studies demonstrated single dimensional encoding schemes delivering low bandwidth sensory information, but no comparison has been performed across parameters, nor with update rates suitable for real-time operation of a neuroprosthesis. Here, we report the first comprehensive measurement of the resolution of key stimulation parameters such as pulse amplitude, pulse width, frequency, train interval and number of pulses. Surprisingly, modulation of stimulation frequency was largely undetectable. While we initially expected high frequency content to be an ideal candidate for passing high throughput sensory signals to the brain, we found only modulation of very low frequencies were detectable. Instead, the charge-per-phase of each pulse yields the highest resolution sensory signal, and is the key parameter modulating perceived intensity. The stimulation encoding patterns were designed for high-bandwidth information transfer that will be required for bi-directional brain interfaces. Our discovery of the stimulation features which best encode perceived intensity have significant implications for design of any neural interface seeking to convey information directly to the brain via electrical stimulation.

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“…One approach is to ask the patient how and where he/she feels sensation while delivering ICMS; then, the force with which an object is grasped with a prosthesis can be controlled by sending feedback through pulse trains of ICMS that elicits percepts of the correct magnitude (Berg et al, 2013 ). Task-specific somatosensory feedback has been generated in humans using cortical stimulation via electrocorticographic electrodes (Cronin et al, 2016 ). In the future, patients will be able to learn the meaning behind each combination of stimulation patterns with several types of sensory modalities and, by using that information, operate the prosthesis in more natural and effective ways.…”

Section: Restoration Of Somatosensory Feedback Through Cortical Stimumentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity and Longevity of Peripheral-Nerve and Machine Interfaces: A Review

2017

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For those individuals with upper-extremity amputation, a daily normal living activity is no longer possible or it requires additional effort and time. With the aim of restoring their sensory and motor functions, theoretical and technological investigations have been carried out in the field of neuroprosthetic systems. For transmission of sensory feedback, several interfacing modalities including indirect (non-invasive), direct-to-peripheral-nerve (invasive), and cortical stimulation have been applied. Peripheral nerve interfaces demonstrate an edge over the cortical interfaces due to the sensitivity in attaining cortical brain signals. The peripheral nerve interfaces are highly dependent on interface designs and are required to be biocompatible with the nerves to achieve prolonged stability and longevity. Another criterion is the selection of nerves that allows minimal invasiveness and damages as well as high selectivity for a large number of nerve fascicles. In this paper, we review the nerve-machine interface modalities noted above with more focus on peripheral nerve interfaces, which are responsible for provision of sensory feedback. The invasive interfaces for recording and stimulation of electro-neurographic signals include intra-fascicular, regenerative-type interfaces that provide multiple contact channels to a group of axons inside the nerve and the extra-neural-cuff-type interfaces that enable interaction with many axons around the periphery of the nerve. Section Current Prosthetic Technology summarizes the advancements made to date in the field of neuroprosthetics toward the achievement of a bidirectional nerve-machine interface with more focus on sensory feedback. In the Discussion section, the authors propose a hybrid interface technique for achieving better selectivity and long-term stability using the available nerve interfacing techniques.

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Task-Specific Somatosensory Feedback via Cortical Stimulation in Humans

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

Ownership of an artificial limb induced by electrical brain stimulation

Ownership of an artificial limb induced by electrical brain stimulation

A Robust Encoding Scheme for Delivering Artificial Sensory Information via Direct Brain Stimulation

Selectivity and Longevity of Peripheral-Nerve and Machine Interfaces: A Review

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