“…It controls behavioral choices when the reward or perceptual stimulus is not directly related to a predetermined action. Its connections to the dorsolateral PFC could indicate involvement in top-down control processes [ 110 , 111 ]. According to the authors, this activation pattern would correlate with restricted consumption of high-calorie foods, which requires greater control by prefrontal regions [ 87 ].…”
This article summarizes the results of studies in which functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed to investigate the neurofunctional activations involved in processing visual stimuli from food in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). A systematic review approach based on the PRISMA guidelines was used. Three databases—Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (WoS)—were searched for brain correlates of each eating disorder. From an original pool of 688 articles, 30 articles were included and discussed. The selected studies did not always overlap in terms of research design and observed outcomes, but it was possible to identify some regularities that characterized each eating disorder. As if there were two complementary regulatory strategies, AN seems to be associated with general hyperactivity in brain regions involved in top-down control and emotional areas, such as the amygdala, insula and hypothalamus. The insula and striatum are hyperactive in BN patients and likely involved in abnormalities of impulsivity and emotion regulation. Finally, the temporal cortex and striatum appear to be involved in the neural correlates of BED, linking this condition to use of dissociative strategies and addictive aspects. Although further studies are needed, this review shows that there are specific activation pathways. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to triggers, targets and maintenance processes in order to plan effective therapeutic interventions. Clinical implications are discussed.
“…It controls behavioral choices when the reward or perceptual stimulus is not directly related to a predetermined action. Its connections to the dorsolateral PFC could indicate involvement in top-down control processes [ 110 , 111 ]. According to the authors, this activation pattern would correlate with restricted consumption of high-calorie foods, which requires greater control by prefrontal regions [ 87 ].…”
This article summarizes the results of studies in which functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed to investigate the neurofunctional activations involved in processing visual stimuli from food in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). A systematic review approach based on the PRISMA guidelines was used. Three databases—Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (WoS)—were searched for brain correlates of each eating disorder. From an original pool of 688 articles, 30 articles were included and discussed. The selected studies did not always overlap in terms of research design and observed outcomes, but it was possible to identify some regularities that characterized each eating disorder. As if there were two complementary regulatory strategies, AN seems to be associated with general hyperactivity in brain regions involved in top-down control and emotional areas, such as the amygdala, insula and hypothalamus. The insula and striatum are hyperactive in BN patients and likely involved in abnormalities of impulsivity and emotion regulation. Finally, the temporal cortex and striatum appear to be involved in the neural correlates of BED, linking this condition to use of dissociative strategies and addictive aspects. Although further studies are needed, this review shows that there are specific activation pathways. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to triggers, targets and maintenance processes in order to plan effective therapeutic interventions. Clinical implications are discussed.
“…In addition to social behaviors, the phylogenetic proximity of Old World monkeys, like rhesus macaques, to humans provides an avenue to study the primate brain which has a similar structure and cytoarchitecture to the human brain ( Öngür and Price, 2000 ; Petrides and Pandya, 1999 , 2002 ). For this reason, primates can contribute to understanding human-specific cognitive functions like higher-order cognition, attention, and working memory ( Brady and Hampton, 2018 ; Deaner and Platt, 2003 ; Dezfouli et al, 2021 ; Rich and Wallis, 2016 ; Snyder et al, 2021 ; Xie et al, 2022 ). Fig.…”
Section: Nonhuman Primate As a Valuable Model For Study Of Human Dise...mentioning
“…Based on decades of observations that discrete lesions to pFC diminish attentional performance and corresponding neural responses, Stuss et al solidified the role of pFC in attention (Stuss & Knight, 2013;Stuss, 2006Stuss, , 2011. Accordingly, pFC is posited to support WM through attentional mechanisms that select relevant information from mnemonic representations stored in posterior sensory regions (Parto Dezfouli, Zarei, Constantinidis, & Daliri, 2021;Sreenivasan, Curtis, & D'Esposito, 2014;Szczepanski & Knight, 2014). By comparing EEG in patients with unilateral pFC lesions to age-and education-matched controls, our group first demonstrated that low-frequency (2-7 Hz) neural oscillations support pFC control over posterior visual regions during visual WM ( Johnson et al, 2017).…”
How does the human brain prioritize different visual representations in working memory (WM)? Here, we define the oscillatory mechanisms supporting selection of “where” and “when” features from visual WM storage and investigate the role of pFC in feature selection. Fourteen individuals with lateral pFC damage and 20 healthy controls performed a visuospatial WM task while EEG was recorded. On each trial, two shapes were presented sequentially in a top/bottom spatial orientation. A retro-cue presented mid-delay prompted which of the two shapes had been in either the top/bottom spatial position or first/second temporal position. We found that cross-frequency coupling between parieto-occipital alpha (α; 8–12 Hz) oscillations and topographically distributed gamma (γ; 30–50 Hz) activity tracked selection of the distinct cued feature in controls. This signature of feature selection was disrupted in patients with pFC lesions, despite intact α–γ coupling independent of feature selection. These findings reveal a pFC-dependent parieto-occipital α–γ mechanism for the rapid selection of visual WM representations.
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