Task-specific information in x-ray diffraction and transmission modalities: a comparative analysis

Ding, Ye; Coccarelli, David; Hurlock, Ava X.; Greenberg, Joel A.; Gehm, Michael E.; Ashok, Amit

doi:10.1117/12.2558267

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…For each material, we adopt its X-ray attenuation profile and its scattering form factor used in Ref. [1]. Each material has a unique momentum transfer f(q) spectrum.…”

Section: 1a Stochastic Bag Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement noise and/or inherent material variations can lead to fundamental limits on probability of false alarm (Pfa) required to meet a desired probability of detection (Pd). X-ray diffraction-based systems on the other hand can provide complementary material signature at a molecular level: momentum transfer function, f(q) [1]- [3]. The shape of f(q) spectra can be used as an additional feature for material classification which can lead to the performance improvement of the baggage scanner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classifiers for material discrimination with dual modality x-ray transmission and coherent x-ray diffraction system

Thamvichai

Pike²,

Greenberg³

et al. 2023

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) VIII

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X-ray coherent diffraction-based measurements can provide more specific material information that is complementary to transmission-based material information. With increasing capability of the X-ray coherent diffraction-based systems and recent development of dual modality of X-ray transmission-based and diffraction-based systems, there is a significant potential for improving the overall system threat detection performance for material discrimination. Dual modality systems can yield higher detection probability (Pd) while lowering the probability of false alarm (Pfa), relative to the transmission modality. In this work, we analyze the material discrimination performance for two different machine learning classifiers: support vector machines (SVM) and neural networks (NN), using both simulation and experimental data obtained with a dual-modality X-ray system. Using simulation studies, we demonstrate significant improvement in material discrimination performance afforded by additional complementary information by coherent diffraction for a variety of materials. We further validate these improvements using an experimental dataset collected using real-world objects and materials.

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“…For each material, we adopt its X-ray attenuation profile and its scattering form factor used in Ref. [1]. Each material has a unique momentum transfer f(q) spectrum.…”

Section: 1a Stochastic Bag Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifiers for material discrimination with dual modality x-ray transmission and coherent x-ray diffraction system

Thamvichai

Pike²,

Greenberg³

et al. 2023

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) VIII

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“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) has long been used as a research tool for better understanding the changes in molecular structure that accompany the progression of cancer [1], and has been shown to be orthogonal and/or complementary to conventional imaging approaches [2], such as transmission X-ray, MRI, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The XRD signal is derived from a sample's atomic and molecular structure and is therefore directly related to its biomechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray diffraction imaging of glioblastoma and ductal carcinoma in-situ

Greenberg,

Richmond,

Gude

et al. 2024

Medical Imaging 2024: Physics of Medical Imaging

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Specimen radiography is critical to cancer diagnostics, but conventional transmission X-ray imaging often lacks the contrast to conclusively differentiate healthy from cancerous tissue. X-ray diffraction (XRD), however, has been shown to be sensitive to structural changes in tissue that are correlated with cancer progression. We use a home-built XRD imaging system to study glioblastoma in brain tissue and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in breast tissue, and identify both commonalities and unique aspects of cancer structural changes in the brain and breast. These findings demonstrate the potential for XRD imaging as a new tool for use in both research and diagnostic medicine.

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“…5 Our work in this paper focuses on how X-ray diffraction imaging can be coupled with existing X-ray transmission measurements 6, 7 to produce a system with a lower false alarm rate than either system alone due to its superior material characterization capabilities. 8,9 Specifically we provide detail on the utility of high quality XRD reconstructions in discriminating threat materials from benign objects. Furthermore, we describe how an XRDI system may be integrated into the current aviation security workflow and analyze the impact on false alarm rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved reconstruction and classification performance in a hybrid CT+XRD explosives detection system

Richmond,

Pike,

Franco

et al. 2024

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) IX

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Identifying and intercepting prohibited items and explosives is a critical focus of aviation security. While computed tomography (CT) systems represent the industry standard for detecting explosives in baggage, X-ray diffraction imaging (XRDI) systems have shown increasing performance and commercial viability. Our approach to explosives detection involves the combination of CT and XRDI into a single, hybrid system where both the CT and XRDI data are utilized in the reconstruction and classification algorithms. In this work, we focus on comparing multiple reconstruction and classifier implementations and quantifying the resulting performance. Our analysis shows higher quality reconstructions lead to improved material separability, better classification performance (detection and false alarm rates), and reduces model uncertainty. Through this work, we demonstrate the relationship between improved quality of reconstructions and the separability of threat from non-threat objects in the domain of explosives detection.

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Task-specific information in x-ray diffraction and transmission modalities: a comparative analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Classifiers for material discrimination with dual modality x-ray transmission and coherent x-ray diffraction system

Classifiers for material discrimination with dual modality x-ray transmission and coherent x-ray diffraction system

X-ray diffraction imaging of glioblastoma and ductal carcinoma in-situ

Improved reconstruction and classification performance in a hybrid CT+XRD explosives detection system

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