1984
DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.76.6.1038
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Task-oriented versus competitive learning structures: Motivational and performance consequences.

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Cited by 118 publications
(78 citation statements)
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“…For example, a favorable attitude, a willingness to take risks, and the use of effective learning strategies may be more evident among those students who have normatively high assessments of their ability. Recent evidence (Covington & Omelich, 1984), however, suggests that a mastery learning paradigm may reduce the impact of perceived ability on achievement behaviors. Nevertheless, how students approach tasks, engage in the process of learning, and respond to the situation may be related to their own perceived ability as well as to the perceived goals of the environment.…”
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confidence: 99%
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“…For example, a favorable attitude, a willingness to take risks, and the use of effective learning strategies may be more evident among those students who have normatively high assessments of their ability. Recent evidence (Covington & Omelich, 1984), however, suggests that a mastery learning paradigm may reduce the impact of perceived ability on achievement behaviors. Nevertheless, how students approach tasks, engage in the process of learning, and respond to the situation may be related to their own perceived ability as well as to the perceived goals of the environment.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In experimental studies, students have reported using more self-instructions and self-monitoring strategies in conditions rewarding or emphasizing self-improvement rather than social comparison (Ames, 1984b) and when they believed in the efficacy of effort (Bandura & Schunk, 1981;Diener & Dweck, 1978;Schunk & Cox, 1986). Similarly, recent theoretical formulations suggest that students are more likely to think about how to do the task when they are oriented toward learning (Nicholls, 1979(Nicholls, , 1984Nolen, 1987) or focused on their own degree of mastery (Ames, 1984b;Covington & Omelich, 1984).…”
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“…Plusieurs études indiquent que les perceptions des élèves reflètent, au moins partiellement, des variations de leur contexte scolaire (Anderman et Midgley, 1997;Galand et Philippot, 2003), même si elles n'apportent que rarement la démonstration que ces variations correspondent directement aux pratiques auxquelles se réfèrent ces perceptions (Hook et Rosenshine, 1979). De plus, les effets des perceptions qu'ont les élèves de leur contexte d'apprentissage sont similaires aux effets de manipulations expérimentales portant sur des paramètres du contexte censé être l'objet de ces perceptions (Covington et Omelich, 1984 ;Butler, 1987). Une bonne part de la variance de l'absentéisme reste cependant inexpliquée.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Selon nombre d'auteurs (Ames et Archer, 1988;Covington et Omelich, 1984;Dweck, 1986), le type de buts d'apprentissage aura un impact important sur la perception de compétence de l'élève. Ainsi, l'élève qui adhère à des buts de performance se pré-occuperait davantage de son rendement et chercherait constamment à évaluer s'il possède les habiletés nécessaires pour réussir la tâche.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified