Task-Independent Functional Brain Activity Correlation with Skin Conductance Changes: An fMRI Study

Patterson, James C.; Ungerleider, Leslie G.; Bandettini, Peter A.

doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1306

Cited by 136 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Finally, results from several functional neuroimaging and amygdala lesion studies are consistent with the idea that amygdala activity is independent of the production of general SCRs Damasio 1989, 1993;Critchley et al 2000;Patterson et al 2002;Knight et al 2005). Lesion data have shown that amygdala patients can demonstrate intact SCR patterns Damasio 1989, 1993), and fMRI studies failed to detect amygdala activity during the formation of nonspecific SCRs (Critchley et al 2000;Patterson et al 2002;Knight et al 2005). These data support the idea that the amygdala is not necessary for general SCR fluctuations and arousal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Activity in the human amygdala corresponds to early, rather than late period autonomic responses to a signal for shock

Cheng¹,

Richards²,

Helmstetter³

2007

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Laboratory animal and human subject studies report that the amygdala is a critical brain structure that supports the acquisition and expression of conditional fear. Recent functional neuroimaging studies in humans have reported that activity in this region is closely related to the behavioral expression of conditional skin conductance responses (SCR). However, SCR waveforms following conditional stimulus (CS) presentation contain both early period and late period responses that may differ with respect to underlying central processes. It is not known whether amygdala activity corresponds to the expression of early conditonal responses (CRs) that occur shortly following CS onset or late CRs that closely precede UCS onset. The present study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and concurrent skin conductance measurements to determine whether amygdala activity is more closely related to the expression of early or late period CRs. Increased amygdala activity was detected during the formation of early, but not late period CRs. Additionally, this pattern of amygdala activity did not dissipate, but persisted into late stages of the experiment. These findings are consistent with the idea that amygdala responding is critically involved in the generation of CRs formed shortly following CS onset.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Activity in the human amygdala corresponds to early, rather than late period autonomic responses to a signal for shock

Cheng¹,

Richards²,

Helmstetter³

2007

Learn. Mem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, the amygdala is not believed to be a necessary neural component underlying normal SCR fluctuations, as lesion data have shown that amygdala patients show intact SCR patterns (Tranel & Damasio, 1993, 1989. Furthermore, functional neuroimaging studies (Critchley, Elliot, Mathias, & Dolan, 2000;Patterson, Ungerleider, & Bandettini, 2002) investigating brain regions important for the general production and maintenance of SCR do not observe amygdala activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human amygdala activity during the expression of fear responses.

Cheng

Knight

Smith

et al. 2006

Behavioral Neuroscience

111

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The initial learning and subsequent behavioral expression of fear are often viewed as independent processes with potentially unique neural substrates. Laboratory animal studies of Pavlovian fear conditioning suggest that the amygdala is important for both forming stimulus associations and for subsequently expressing learned behavioral responses. In the present article, human amygdala activity was studied during the autonomic expression of conditional fear in two differential conditioning experiments with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and concurrent recording of skin conductance responses (SCRs). Trials were classified on the basis of individual participants' SCRs. Significant amygdala responding was detected only during trials on which a signal both predicted shock and elicited significant conditional SCR. Conditional stimulus presentation or autonomic activity alone was not sufficient. These results indicate that amygdala activity may specifically reflect the expression of learned fear responses and support the position that this region plays a central role in the expression of emotional reactions.

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“…Critchley, Elliott, Mathias, and Dolan (2000) demonstrated a relationship between skin conductance responses (SCR) and activity in the visual cortex in a gambling task, and Williams et al (2000) found an association between SCR and occipital brain activity during passive viewing of checkerboard patterns. Moreover, Patterson, Ungerleider, and Bandettini (2002) showed that SCR and activity in occipital regions were related in a variety of tasks. Both Williams et al (2000) and Patterson et al suggested that attentional modulation is a critical factor for this general visual activation across different tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced occipital and anterior cingulate activation in men but not in women during exposure to angry and fearful male faces

Fischer

Fransson

Wright

et al. 2004

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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Blood-oxygenation-level-dependent signal was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging in 24 healthy young subjects (12 men and 12 women) during viewing of angry, fearful, and neutral male and female face pictures. Exposure to angry male as opposed to angry female faces activated the visual cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus significantly more in men than in women. A similar sex-differential brain activation pattern was present during exposure to fearful but not neutral faces. Previous behavioral studies indicate enhanced physiological arousal in men but not in women during exposure to angry male as opposed to female faces, and brain imaging studies have shown that the occipital cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus are influenced by activity in the autonomic nervous system as well as by visual attention. Hence, we suggest that the elevated occipital and anterior cingulate activation in men during confrontation with other angry and fearful males may reflect enhanced vigilance in a potentially dangerous situation.

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Task-Independent Functional Brain Activity Correlation with Skin Conductance Changes: An fMRI Study

Cited by 136 publications

References 22 publications

Activity in the human amygdala corresponds to early, rather than late period autonomic responses to a signal for shock

Activity in the human amygdala corresponds to early, rather than late period autonomic responses to a signal for shock

Human amygdala activity during the expression of fear responses.

Enhanced occipital and anterior cingulate activation in men but not in women during exposure to angry and fearful male faces

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