Task Force 8: Classification of sports

Mitchell, Jere H.; Haskell, William L.; Snell, Peter G.; Camp, Steven P. Van

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.015

Cited by 624 publications

(558 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

511

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As in previous literature,5, 12 athletes were defined as those performing at least 3 hours per week of sports with a moderate to intense dynamic component (at least 6 METs in intensity), translating to 936 MET‐hours per year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Exercise Restriction on Arrhythmic Risk Among Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

Wang

Orgeron

Tichnell

et al. 2018

JAHA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPrior studies have shown a close link between exercise and development of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. How much exercise restriction reduces ventricular arrhythmia (VA), how genotype modifies its benefit, and whether it reduces risk sufficiently to defer implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) placement in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy are unknown.Methods and ResultsWe interviewed 129 arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy patients (age: 34.0±14.8 years; male: 60%) with ICDs (36% primary prevention) about exercise participation. Exercise change was defined as annual exercise duration and dose in the 3 years before clinical presentation minus that after presentation. The primary outcome was appropriate ICD therapy for VA. During the 5.1 years (interquartile range: 2.7–10.8 years) after presentation, 74% (95/129) patients reduced exercise dose and 85 (66%) patients experienced the primary outcome. In multivariate analyses, top tertile reduction in exercise duration and dose were both associated with less VA (duration: hazard ratio: 0.23 [95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.81]; dose: hazard ratio: 0.14 [95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.44]). Greater reduction in exercise dose conferred greater reduction in VA (P=0.01 for trend). Patients without desmosomal mutations and those with primary‐prevention ICDs benefited more from exercise reduction (P=0.16 and P=0.06 for interaction); however, 58% (18/31) of athletes who reduced exercise dose by >80% still experienced VA.ConclusionsExercise restriction should be recommended to all arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy patients with ICDs. Patients who are “gene‐elusive” and those with primary‐prevention devices may particularly benefit. Exercise reduction is unlikely to reduce arrhythmia sufficiently in high‐risk patients to alter decision‐making regarding ICD implantation.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Exercise Restriction on Arrhythmic Risk Among Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

Wang

Orgeron

Tichnell

et al. 2018

JAHA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[4][5][6][7][8] Coronary bridging was excluded from the analysis because of its high prevalence by MSCT-CA and its obscure clinical implications. MSCT images were evaluated using a modified 17-segment classification model of the American Heart Association.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6][7][8] There are four types of ACAOS: the LM (figure 2), LCx (figure 3) or LAD originates from the right sinus of Valsalva, or the RCA (figures 4 and 5) originates from the left sinus of Valsalva. Because at least one coronary ostium in ACAOS is connected to the opposite sinus of Valsalva, this CAA always implicates an abnormal course, redirecting the coronary artery to its dependant myocardium.…”

Section: Coronary Artery Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary artery anomalies detected by MSCT-coronary angiography in the adult

Kate¹,

Weustink²,

Feyter³

2008

NHJL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Before coronary evaluation by modern imaging techniques was feasible, premorbid diagnoses of coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) were usually made fortuitously by invasive coronary angiography (ICA). However, this technique is limited by its invasive and projectional nature. Coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) broadened clinical information by enabling visualisation of the coronary arteries in their anatomical environment. Methods. This case series visualises and reviews anomalous coronary artery from the opposite sinus (ACAOS) and coronary artery fistulae. All CAAs were detected by means of 64-slice dual source computed tomography after 1000 cardiac scans at the Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Results. Eight ACAOS cases, one anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) and one congenital aneurysm of an aortic sinus were found. Seven out of ten detected CAAs were considered malignant whereas three CAAs of the ACAOS type (retroaortic path) were considered benign. Significant coronary artery disease was found in three out of eight ACAOS cases. In one of the ACAOS cases complete evaluation of the anomalous coronary artery was limited by motion artifacts. All five cases of right ACAOS were referred for MSCT because the right coronary artery could not be located by invasive angiography. Keywords: coronary anomalies, anomalous coronary artery from the opposite sinus, coronary artery fistulae, computed tomography, invasive coronary angiography Conclusion. All CAAs

show abstract

“…These categories and have been incorporated in guidelines for athletic participation. 3 Sports-specific databases are being developed, with the National Football League and the National Basketball Association performing screening imaging exams, and recording data to allow for the establishment of normative values in professional sports. Collegiate programs have been developed to evaluate incoming student-athletes, and have demonstrated the rapid pace of cardiac adaptation that occurs upon beginning collegiate training programs.…”

Section: Evolving Tools To Characterize Cardiovascular Adaptation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 36th Bethesda Conference and its up-coming revision propose a classification of sports based on the matrix integrating the relative intensities of isotonic and isometric activity. 3 Sports characterized by relatively pure isotonic stress include long-distance running, soccer, and cross-country skiing. Relatively pure isometric stress sports include weightlifting, martial arts, and track and field throwing events.…”

Section: Classification Of Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%