Task-dependent representations of stimulus and choice in mouse parietal cortex

Pho, Gerald N.; Goard, Michael J.; Woodson, Jonathan; Crawford, Ben; Sur, Mriganka

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05012-y

Cited by 123 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Inter-area differences were also mostly in degree when comparing V1 to secondary visual areas and even the retrosplenial cortex, although the smaller physical extent of secondary visual areas meant that more of the cortical retinotopic space was included in our recordings. Our indings of predominantly beyond-sensory responses in visual cortices are qualitatively different from the strongly stimulus-driven responses in sensory cortices reported in other sensorimotor transformation tasks (Goard et al 2016;Pho et al 2018;Runyan et al 2017) .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Cognition in Primary Visual versus Neighboring Posterior Cortices during Visual Evidence-Accumulation-based Navigation

Koay

Thiberge

Brody

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Studies of perceptual decision-making have often assumed that the main role of sensory cortices is to provide sensory input to downstream processes that accumulate and drive behavioral decisions. We performed a systematic comparison of neural activity in primary visual (V1) to secondary visual and retrosplenial cortices, as mice performed a task where they should accumulate pulsatile visual cues through time to inform a navigational decision. Even in V1, only a small fraction of neurons had sensory-like responses to cues. Instead, in all areas neurons were sequentially active, and contained information ranging from sensory to cognitive, including cue timings, evidence, place/time, decision and reward outcome. Per-cue sensory responses were amplitude-modulated by various cognitive quantities, notably accumulated evidence. This inspired a multiplicative feedback-loop circuit hypothesis that proposes a more intricate role of sensory areas in the accumulation process, and furthermore explains a surprising observation that perceptual discrimination deviates from Weber-Fechner Law. Figure 2 . Neural activity in all areas/layers were qualitatively similar, and followed choice-specific sequences of activation throughout the trial. (A)Normalized and trial-averaged activity of cells (rows), for single example imaging sessions in the six recorded areas ( cells respectively). Cells were divided into left-/right-choice 06, 22, 23, 48, 32, 9 n = 1 1 1 1 1 8 preferring populations, and sorted by the location of peak activity in correct preferred-choice trials. Cue-locked cells were separately sorted (red bars). Error trials were excluded in this analysis. (B) Rank of sorted cells vs. the location of peak activity, excluding cue-locked cells. Data were pooled across sessions for a given area (colors) and layer (top vs. bottom plots). (C) Duration of iring ields vs. location of peak activities. The iring ield is de ined as the span of time-points with activity at least half the height of the peak (above baseline) in trial-averaged data. Data were pooled across sessions for a given area/layer. Line: Mean across cells. Bands: S.E.M.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Cognition in Primary Visual versus Neighboring Posterior Cortices during Visual Evidence-Accumulation-based Navigation

Koay

Thiberge

Brody

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…interaction, F9,36 = 10.6, p<0.001; post-hoc tests for V1, AL, A, AM, PM and RL, ps<0.05; Figure 3D), in accordance with a previous study demonstrating that activity in some of these areas increases when mice engage in a visual task (Pho et al, 2018). We also compared the activity between correct and erroneous trials.…”

Section: Figure-ground Modulation Is Present In Multiple Higher Cortisupporting

confidence: 88%

The essential role of feedback processing for figure-ground perception in mice

Kirchberger

Mukherjee

et al. 2018

Preprint

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AbstractThe segregation of figures from the background is an important step in visual perception. In primary visual cortex, figures evoke stronger activity than backgrounds during a delayed phase of the neuronal responses, but it is unknown how this figure-ground modulation (FGM) arises and whether it is necessary for perception. Here we show, using optogenetic silencing in mice, that the delayed V1 response phase is necessary for figure-ground segregation. Neurons in higher visual areas also exhibit FGM and optogenetic silencing of higher areas reduced FGM in V1. In V1, figures elicited higher activity of vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP) interneurons than the background, whereas figures suppressed somatostatin-positive interneurons, resulting in an increased activation of pyramidal cells. Optogenetic silencing of VIP neurons reduced FGM in V1, indicating that disinhibitory circuits contribute to FGM. Our results provide new insight in how lower and higher areas of the visual cortex interact to shape visual perception.

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“…The medial and dorsal parts of the MGB are part of a thalamocortical loop that has been suggested to encode high-order cognitive information (Bolkan et al, 2017; Guo et al, 2017; Schmitt et al, 2017). Choice encoding in the thalamus (Chen et al, 2019; Gimenez et al, 2015; Jaramillo et al, 2014) bears similarity to previous observations in the cortex (Gilad et al, 2018; Guo et al, 2019; Harvey et al, 2012; Pho et al, 2018; Siegel et al, 2015; Yang et al, 2015), indicating the involvement of the thalamocortical loop during learning. Choice encoding was consistent across mice and evident at the population level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Learning-related population dynamics in the auditory thalamus

Gilad

Maor

Mizrahi

2020

Preprint

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16Learning to associate sensory stimuli with a chosen action has been classically attributed 17 to the cortex. Whether the thalamus, considered mainly as an upstream area relative to 18 cortex, encodes learning-related information is still largely unknown. We studied learning-19 related activity in the dorsal and medial regions of the medial geniculate body (MGB), part 20 of the non-lemniscal auditory pathway. Using fiber photometry, we continuously imaged 21 population calcium dynamics as mice learned a go/no-go auditory discrimination task. The 22MGB was tuned to frequency shortly after stimulus onset and responded to cognitive 23 features like the choice of the mouse several hundred milliseconds later. Encoding of 24 choice in the MGB increased with learning, and was highly correlated with the learning 25 curves of the mice. MGB also encoded motor parameters of the mouse during the task. 26These results provide evidence that the MGB encodes task-motor-and learning-related 27 information. 28 29 78MGB population responses to sounds as mice learned a go/no-go auditory discrimination 79 task. We find learning-related modulations in the MGB, and a particularly strong 80 modulation to choice signals. 81 82 5 Results 83Calcium imaging from the MGB along learning 84 To study learning-related changes in the MGB we first injected AAV-GCaMP6f into the 85 MGB of C57BL/6 mice and implanted a 400 µm optical fiber directly above the injection 86 site. After a week of handling and habituation to head-fixation, we trained mice on a go/no-87 go auditory discrimination task. Each trial started with a visual start cue (orange LED; 88 duration 0.1 s; 2 seconds before stimulus onset) followed by an auditory stimulus, either a 89 go or a no-go pure tone sound ( Fig. 1A; duration 1 second; sounds separated by 0.5 octave; 90 mostly 10 kHz for go and 7.1 kHz for no-go; Methods). After stimulus offset, we counted 91 licks in a virtual response window of 3 seconds. Licking in response to the go sound were 92 counted as 'hit' trials and rewarded with a drop of water. Withholding licking in response 93 to the no-go sound were counted as correct rejection trials (CR), and were not punished or 94 reinforced. Licking in response to the no-go sound were counted as false alarm trials (FA) 95 that were followed by a mild punishment of white noise (duration 3 seconds). Withholding 96 licking for the go sound were counted as Miss trials, and were not punished. As mice 97 learned to discriminate between the two sounds we continuously imaged population 98 responses in the MGB in addition to monitoring their body movements during the task (Fig. 99 1B). We first imaged six mice across learning. The fiber tips of the six mice were 100 reconstructed to the higher-order regions of the MGB (Fig. 1C; MGBd and MGBm, 101 grouped as MGB for simplicity). Mice learned the task within 1200-2000 trials as assessed 102 by d' (defined as d' = Z(Hit/(Hit+Miss)) -Z(FA/(FA+CR) where Z denotes the inverse of 103 the cumulative distribution function; learning thres...

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Task-dependent representations of stimulus and choice in mouse parietal cortex

Cited by 123 publications

References 40 publications

Neural Correlates of Cognition in Primary Visual versus Neighboring Posterior Cortices during Visual Evidence-Accumulation-based Navigation

Neural Correlates of Cognition in Primary Visual versus Neighboring Posterior Cortices during Visual Evidence-Accumulation-based Navigation

The essential role of feedback processing for figure-ground perception in mice

Learning-related population dynamics in the auditory thalamus

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