Tartrate-resistant acid phosphate as biomarker of bone turnover over the lifespan and different physiologic stages in sheep

Abstract

BackgroundCurrently, the best resources for assessment of bone tissue using imaging techniques are expensive and available in few medical facilities, thus serum or urinary bone turnover biomarkers could be useful as early indicators of prognosis. However, there is a wide range of variability in bone turnover markers due to several factors, such as different ages and metabolic stages, thus it is important to have as much data published on the subject as possible. The aim of this study was therefore to generate a reference range for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and validate the already published data.ResultsSerum alkaline phosphatase decreased with age, with statistical difference between the 1 month old and the other groups and between the over 8 years and the 6 months old groups. There was also a statistical difference in the ALP levels between the 3 to 5 years old gestation and lactation groups. For serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, there was a statistical difference mainly between the 1 month old and the 6 months old, 6–8 years old, and above 8 years old groups.ConclusionsThe results obtained could represent a useful tool for future studies using sheep as an animal model for orthopedic research. The different groups presented a wide variation of serum ALP and TRAP levels, however, these variations are entirely explained by known physiology. Therefore, this detailed study confirms the prediction that unexplained changes in these bone turnover markers do not occur during the lifespan of sheep.

Experimental Exposure to Bisphenol A Has Minimal Effects on Bone Tissue in Growing Rams—A Preliminary Study

“…Even when we tried to eliminate or control most of the possible disrupting factors (diet, age, sex, breed, housing, season, circadian rhythm, climate, time of blood collection, location and storage, methodology, prior validation) [ 46 ], their variability was significant. Similar observations have been reported in previous studies in sheep [ 35 , 42 , 43 , 62 , 63 ]. No effect on bone turnover markers was observed in lambs exposed to zeranol and ewes exposed to sewage sludge on pasture, despite differences in bone geometry [ 62 ], mineral density, and biomechanics [ 35 ].…”

Evaluation of hematology, general serum biochemistry, bone turnover markers and bone marrow cytology in a glucocorticoid treated ovariectomized sheep model for osteoporosis research

“…Table II. Serum biochemical parameters before and after OVX and exogenous GC administration in sheep (median values) and reported reference range for ovine species [reference intervals from Radostits et al (2000); reference intervals of bone turnover markers from Dias et al (2008), Kiełbowicz et al (2015) and Camassa et al (2017); reference interval of estradiol from Sigrist et al (2007) and Kiełbowicz et al (2015)…”

Silencing Hoxa2 reverses dexamethasone-induced dysfunction of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and osteoporosis in rats

“…39 However, bone turnover biomarker expression varies throughout different metabolic statuses. 12 The serum TRAP5b and CTX-1 were markedly reduced by the administration of Hoxa2 shRNA, while the BALP showed a significant increase compared to the Dex group, indicating that Hoxa2 shRNA inhibited osteoclasts activity and bone resorption.…”

“…10 Bone formation is largely dependent on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. [11][12][13] The ALP production is regarded as an indicator of osteogenesis, to a certain extent, reflecting the degree of osteoblast differentiation. 14 MC3T3-E1 cells display developmental, sequential gene expression similar to that of osteoblasts during bone formation in vivo, which are considered a well-established model for studying osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.…”