Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase as an Immunohistochemical Marker for Inflammatory Macrophages

Janckila, Anthony J.; Slone, Stephen P.; Lear, Sheron C.; Martín, Alvin F.; Yam, Lung T.

doi:10.1309/2482-5011-6635-l763

Cited by 9 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The same stands for ACP-5. In humans, ACP-5 has been shown to be expressed by various macrophage populations (Janckila et al 2007). As an aternative of immunostaining, ACP-5 enzyme histochemistry can also be used to label and further characterize the ATMs in various mammalian species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipose tissue macrophages in non-rodent mammals: a comparative study

et al. 2015

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The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue in rodents and primates contains mesenchymal stem cells and immune cells. SVF cells have complex metabolic, immune and endocrine functions with biomedical impact. However, in other mammals, the amount of data on SVF stem cells is negligible and whether the SVF hosts immune cells is unknown. In this study, we show that the SVF is rich in immune cells, with a dominance of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in cattle (Bos primigenius taurus), domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), domestic sheep (Ovis aries), domestic cat (Felis catus) and domestic dog (Canis familiaris). ATMs of these species are granulated lysosome-rich cells with lamellipodial protrusions and express the lysosome markers acid phosphatase 5 (ACP-5) and Mac-3/Lamp-2. Using ACP-5 and Mac-3/Lamp-2 as markers, we additionally detected ATMs in other species, such as the domestic horse (Equus ferus caballus), wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Feline and canine ATMs also express the murine macrophage marker F4/80 antigen. In the lean condition, the alternative macrophage activation marker CD206 is expressed by feline and canine ATMs and arginase-1 by feline ATMs. Obesity is associated with interleukin-6 and interferon gamma expression and with overt tyrosine nitration in both feline and canine ATMs. This resembles the obesity-induced phenotype switch of murine and human ATMs. Thus, we show, for the first time, that the presence of ATMs is a general trait of mammals. The interaction between the adipose cells and SVF immune cells might be evolutionarily conserved among mammals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lysosomes contain acid phosphatases (Pavelka and Roth 2010). Therefore, as a first approach regarding lysosome labeling, we detected acid phosphatase 5 (ACP-5) by using enzyme histochemistry (Janckila et al 2007; Fig. S4).…”

Section: Acid Phosphatase 5 Is Present In Adipose Tissue Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue macrophages in non-rodent mammals: a comparative study

et al. 2015

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“…Marie et al reported such accumulation of TRAP + multinucleated cells, not in contact with the bone surface, in mice treated with NBPs [25]. TRAP expression is not specific to the osteoclast phenotype, as other monocyte-derived cells, such as activated and inflammatory macrophages, also express TRAP in bone marrow [26]. Macrophages also can fuse to form giant cells able to digest large components or to resorb extracellularly after strongly adhering to the substrate in chronic inflammatory sites; as for osteoclasts, multinucleation amplifies their resorptive ability [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: A key role of inflammation?

Lesclous

Najm

Carrel

et al. 2009

Bone

192

140

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Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) can be associated with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) therapy. Various mechanisms of NBP-associated ONJ have been proposed and there is currently no consensus of the underlying pathogenesis. The detailed medical and dental histories of 30 ONJ patients treated with NBPs for malignant diseases (24) or osteoporosis (6) were analyzed. The necrotic bone was resected and analyzed histologically after demineralization. In 10 patients the perinecrotic bone was also resected and processed without demineralization. Alveolar bone samples from 5 healthy patients were used as controls. In 14 ONJ patients, serial technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphic scans were also available and confronted to the other data. Strong radionuclide uptake was detected in some patients several months before clinical diagnosis of ONJ. The medullary spaces of the necrotic bone were filled with bacterial aggregates. In the perinecrotic bone, the bacteria-free bone marrow characteristically showed an inflammatory reaction. The number of medullary inflammatory cells taken as an index of inflammation allowed us to discriminate two inflammation grades in the ONJ samples. Low-grade inflammation, characterized by marrow fibrosis and low inflammatory cells infiltration, increased numbers of TRAP + monoand multineacleated cells was seen in patients with bone exposure b 2 cm 2 . High-grade inflammation, associated with larger lesions, showed amounts of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase + /calcitonin receptor − mono-and multinucleated cells, osteocyte apoptosis, hypervascularization and high inflammatory cell infiltration. The clinical extent of ONJ was statistically linked to the numbers of inflammatory cell. Taken together these data suggest that bone necrosis precedes clinical onset and is an inflammation-associated process. We hypothesize that from an initial focus, bone damage spreads centrifugally, both deeper into the jaw and towards the mucosa before the oral bone exposure and the clinical diagnosis of ONJ.

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“…Recently, it was also shown that serum levels of TRAP 5a were increased in obese humans but, in contrast to proinflammatory cytokines, not normalized by exercise. 11 In human serum, TRAP 5a, which is a proposed marker of chronic inflammation, 12 is suggested to originate mainly from macrophages and levels are increased in rheumatoid arthritis. 13 On the other hand, serum levels of TRAP 5b are suggested to originate predominantly from osteoclasts and are increased under conditions with increased bone resorption, for example, post-menopausal osteoporosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and secretion of the novel adipokine tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from adipose tissues of obese and lean women

et al. 2011

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Objective: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expressed by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) induces mice obesity and human adipocyte differentiation in vitro. This study aimed to investigate whether TRAP was secreted differently from human obese versus lean adipose tissues and to identify the cellular source of adipose tissue TRAP. Design: Subcutaneous adipose tissues obtained from healthy subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for total (5a þ 5b) and cleaved TRAP (5b) were used. TRAP secretion was determined in adipose tissue biopsies, and mRNA expression was studied in cell types isolated from the same. Subjects: Results of 24 lean and 24 obese women (in vitro) and 8 subjects (in vivo) were compared. The main outcome measurements were TRAP expression and secretion in vitro and in vivo. Results: In-house total TRAP ELISA showed high sensitivity and a coefficient of variance of 11%. Adipose secretion of total TRAP was linear in vitro with time and was evident in vivo. Total TRAP secretion in vitro was similar in lean and obese women expressed per unit weight of the adipose tissue but correlated positively with the number/size of adipocytes (Pp0.01) and with adipose secretion of tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6 (Po0.01). TRAP 5b was not secreted from the adipose tissue. ATMs displayed highest cellular expression of TRAP mRNA in adipose tissue cells derived from lean or obese women. Conclusions: TRAP is a novel human adipokine produced by macrophages and secreted from the subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro. Secretion is linked to the size and number of adipocytes, as well as to concomitant secretion of inflammatory mediators, suggesting that TRAP is involved in fat accumulation and adipose inflammation.

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Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase as an Immunohistochemical Marker for Inflammatory Macrophages

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Adipose tissue macrophages in non-rodent mammals: a comparative study

Adipose tissue macrophages in non-rodent mammals: a comparative study

Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: A key role of inflammation?

Expression and secretion of the novel adipokine tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from adipose tissues of obese and lean women

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