Tart Cherry Extract Containing Chlorogenic Acid, Quercetin, and Kaempferol Inhibits the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Cell Death Elicited by Airborne PM10 in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes

Abstract

Tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), a medicinal food containing high concentrations of phytochemicals, has a variety of antioxidant activities and health benefits. Here, we investigate the functional effect of tart cherry during apoptotic cell death elicited by airborne particulate matter with a diameter of <10 μm (PM10) in human epidermal keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The PM10 particles significantly induced cytotoxicity in the HaCaT cells. The decrease in cell viability was restored upon treatment with tart cherry extract (200 μg/mL) containing chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol. Tart cherry inhibited the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the distinctive activations of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in PM10-treated HaCaT cells. Interestingly, tart cherry significantly inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related genes (B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and caspase-3) as regulated by the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). These results demonstrate that tart cherry is a medicinal food that blocks the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis induced by PM10 in human epidermal keratinocytes.

Preventative Effects of Antioxidants against PM10 on Serum IgE Concentration, Mast Cell Counts, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Keratinocyte Differentiation Markers in DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model

“…PM 10 can damage the skin via the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 26 , 29 , 30 ]. First, we investigated whether dieckol, punicalagin, EGCG, resveratrol, or SHE inhibited the production of ROS induced by PM 10 .…”

Siegesbeckiae Herba Extract and Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorate the Death of HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter by Mitigating Oxidative Stress

“…However, there was no previous study on the cytoprotective effect of SHE derived from Siegesbeckia pubescens against PM toxicity. Meanwhile, an extract of tart cherry ( Prunus cerasus L.) containing chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol was reported to inhibit the production of ROS and the expression of apoptosis-related genes in HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to PM 10 [ 66 ]. However, no specific experimental results were provided for chlorogenic acid itself.…”

Oleanolic Acid Nanofibers Attenuated Particulate Matter-Induced Oxidative Stress in Keratinocytes

“…Accordingly, counteracting PM-induced ROS overproduction is a good strategy and the first choice to prevent oxidative stress damage during PM overexposure. Previous studies have also demonstrated that antioxidant treatments, such as diphlorethohydroxycarmalol [ 21 ], dieckol [ 22 ], Opuntia humifusa extract [ 23 ], and tart cherry extract [ 24 ] can effectively attenuate PM-induced keratinocytes dysfunction. Our results also found that OA in DMSO can reduce PM-induced ROS overproduction and prevent the damage from PM.…”