Tarnish and corrosion behaviour of palladium-silver alloys

O'Brien, Lynn A.; German, Randall M.

doi:10.1007/bf00540496

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Based on XRD analysis, it is established that the corrosion films are mainly composed of Ag 2 S, which is protective according to the Pilling-Bedworth ratios [9]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Ag-Cu-Zn-Ni Alloys

Huang

Yin

Xu³

et al. 2011

AMR

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Potentiodynamic electrochemical tests and surface analysis technics, such as scanning electronic microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), were applied to investigate the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Ag-Cu-Zn-Ni alloys in Na2S solution. The results reveal that the α-Ag phase is the main matrix of the studied silver alloys. The second phase of Ag-4Cu-0.3Ni and Ag-3Cu-Zn-0.3Ni/Ag-6Cu-Zn-0.3Ni are respectively CuNi and CuNi(Zn) phases. The second phases of Ag-6Cu-Zn-0.3Ni are well-distributed, which leads to an improvement in the corrosion resistance in Na2S solution.

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“…Based on XRD analysis, it is established that the corrosion films are mainly composed of Ag 2 S, which is protective according to the Pilling-Bedworth ratios [9]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Ag-Cu-Zn-Ni Alloys

Huang

Yin

Xu³

et al. 2011

AMR

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“…Santos [12] suggests that an alloy with finer grains shows higher corrosion resistance, and moreover the RE phases cause active potential [13] resulting in the decrease of microgalvanic corrosion. Based on SEM and XRD analysis, it is established that the corrosion films are mainly composed of Ag 2 S, which is protective according to the Pilling-Bedworth ratios [14]. In the alloys with RE addition, corrosion films are uniformly distributed, in contrast with the corresponding Ag-Cu-Ni alloy which shows partly porous and imperfect morphology, very likely associated with its inhomogeneous and coarser microstructure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Trace RE on Corrosion Behavior of Ag-Cu-Ni Alloys

Huang

Yin

Xu³

et al. 2011

AMR

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The corrosion performance of Ag-Cu-Ni-RE alloys in Na2S has been studied in order to assess the influence of rare earth (lanthanum and cerium) on the Ag-Cu-Ni alloys. Optical microscopy has been used to characterize the microstructures of the samples prior to the electrochemical tests. SEM, EDS and XRD have been used to observe the corrosion morphologies and chemical compositions of the samples. The electrochemical tests has been carried out at room temperature in 0.5, 1and 2% (wt. %) Na2S. The results reveal that the Ag-Cu-Ni-RE alloys exhibit improved corrosion resistance, as well as fine and uniform microstructures. Moreover, surface layers forming on Ag-Cu-Ni-RE alloys exhibit improved protective properties compared to the film growing on the Ag-Cu-Ni alloy. Here, it is also found that when comparing to the dilute Na2S solution conditions, there would be a little decrease of the corrosion rate in 2wt. %Na2S solution. In addition, Ag-Cu-Ni-La-Ce alloy generally exhibits the best corrosion resistance.

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“…However, many in vitro studies show that gold or palladium release is rarely detected from any solutions (5)(6)(7)(8).This finding suggested that gold or palladium has high corrosion resistance due to its nobility (9), while the most common detectable metal ions in any solutions in laboratory are silver, copper and zinc (5,8,10). For binary palladium-silver alloys, some study suggested that the highest corrosion resistance of binary palladium-silver alloys was occurred when it contained 50% and 75% of silver (11). In contrast, one study reported that corrosion resistance of palladium-silver alloys was deceased when there are more than 50 wt.% of silver (12).…”

Section: Background and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metallic deposition of silver is predominantly found in biopsies adjacent to dental alloys (4) and oral pigmentation in gingiva (3). For binary palladium-silver alloys, It has been suggested that the highest corrosion resistance of binary alloys occurs when it contains 50% and 75% of silver (11). In contrast, it has been reported that corrosion resistance of palladium-silver alloys was decreased when there is more than 50 wt.% of silver (12).…”

Section: Corrosion Of Dental Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The inflammatory response of epithelial cell to corrosion products from recast palladium ?silver alloy

Singkarlsiri

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In dentistry, there is an increase in alternative metals such as palladium or silver to add into noble metal alloys in order to improve properties and reduce cost. Apart from using other metals to replace gold or platinum, reuse is another way to save the cost. There are many studies on the recast dental alloys on mechanical properties and how many percentages of new alloys needed to add in the recasting process. It has been well accepted that amount of new and used alloys would affect the mechanical and physical properties. The biocompatibility of the alloys, however, has not been extensively investigated. It is reported that metal ions releasing from recasting alloys, might influence on the biocompatibility of the alloy, but the mechanisms is not yet clear. In the gingival sulci, the metal restoration margin is in close proximity to the sulcular epithelium, therefore the epithelial cells may encounter the released metal ions as an external stimulus. To investigate the epithelial inflammatory responses to corrosion products from recast palladium-silver alloy. Three specimens of each group from first cast, second cast and fourth cast Pd-Ag alloy (10*5*1mm3) were submerged in artificial saliva for 15 days. Microstructure of alloys were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The corrosion products from alloys were measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP). To study the biocompatibility property, the oral epithelial cells cultured in monolayer were challenged by corrosion product from recast alloys. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of proinflammatory cytokines-specific mRNA, including IL-1? and TNF-?. Microstructure were changed after recasting. Palladium ion was more found after recast. In a reverse transcriptase PCR, IL-1? mRNA levels in response to corrosion product of second and fourth recast group were significantly higher than first cast group. We suggest that the corrosion product from recast Pd-Ag alloy induce epithelial cells to secrete IL-1? which is a proinflammatory that is also found in inflammed gingival tissue. This research give more information and understanding on biocompatibility of recast palladium-silver alloy by observing their corrosion behavior and potential cytotoxic effect i.e. presence of inflammatory response.

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Tarnish and corrosion behaviour of palladium-silver alloys

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Study on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Ag-Cu-Zn-Ni Alloys

Study on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Ag-Cu-Zn-Ni Alloys

Effect of Trace RE on Corrosion Behavior of Ag-Cu-Ni Alloys

The inflammatory response of epithelial cell to corrosion products from recast palladium ?silver alloy

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