“…TNF-α can be produced by many cell types, including activated monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, endothelial cells and different T cell subsets. 1 When released from activated cells, this ubiquitous cytokine is capable of stimulating the production of other pro-inflammatory molecules such as interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, nuclear transcription factor KB) and adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1, P-selectin and E-selectin 7 and together with these agents, TNF-α can be viewed as a key driver and initiator of cytokine cascades that result in major, chronic inflammation and tissue damage.…”