Targeting to the hair follicles: Current status and potential

Wosicka, Hanna; Cal, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.12.005

Cited by 144 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…However, various chemical and physical approaches have been used to overcome the barrier function of the stratum corneum so that even malabsorptive hydrophilic and high weight molecular compounds can diffuse into the deeper regions of the skin. An assessment of the chemical concentrations of drugs in the skin is essential for developing topical pharmaceutical products and functional cosmetics; therefore, drug disposition in the skin (stratum corneum, viable epidermis/dermis, and appendages) as well as the concentration-distance profiles of these compounds through the skin need to be elucidated in more detail [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of imaging analysis in establishing skin concentration-distance profiles for topically applied FITC-dextran 4 kDa

Kijima¹,

Masaki²,

Kadhum³

et al. 2015

ADMET DMPK

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Quantitatively determining the skin concentration-distance profiles of topically applied drugs is important for evaluating their safety and efficacy. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively visualize the distribution of hydrophilic drugs through the skin using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in order to obtain skin concentration-distance profiles. FITC-dextran with a molecular weight of approximately 4 kDa (FD-4) was selected as the model fluorescent drug in the present study, and excised pig ear skin was used. The skin concentration of FD-4 at each depth of a skin section was assessed by imaging analysis of the intensity of fluorescence. The FD-4 skin concentration-distance profile obtained was analyzed usingFick's second law of diffusion, and was markedly similar to that using skin permeation parameters in the skin permeation study. These results suggest that the present CLSM method may be a promising tool for quantitatively visualizing the concentration-distance profiles of drugs through the skin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of imaging analysis in establishing skin concentration-distance profiles for topically applied FITC-dextran 4 kDa

Kijima¹,

Masaki²,

Kadhum³

et al. 2015

ADMET DMPK

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“…Hair follicle density and susceptibility to DD The stratum corneum layer is not completely continuous around the base of hair follicles, so there are areas of the hair follicle where it is easier for molecules (and presumably pathogens) to pass through (Wosicka and Cal, 2010). Indeed, electron micrographs of tissues infected with DD have shown treponemes in the hair follicles and radiating out towards deeper parts of the tissues (Evans et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important layer of the skin in maintaining this barrier function is the outer layer, the stratum corneum (Madison, 2003). How well the skin functions as a barrier varies between individuals and could be affected by a number of factors including the -E-mail: maeve.palmer@afbini.gov.uk thickness of the stratum corneum (Holbrook and Odland, 1974), the number of hair follicles in the skin (Wosicka and Cal, 2010) and genetic mutations (Palmer et al, 2008). There are links between skin permeability and occurrence of bacterial skin disease, for example, humans who suffer from an inflammatory skin condition called atopic dermatitis, which is associated with an impaired skin barrier function (Di Nardo et al, 1998), are more susceptible to some bacterial, viral and fungal infections of the skin (Jung and Stingl, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of slurry on skin permeability to methylene blue dye in dairy cows with and without a history of digital dermatitis

Palmer

Donnelly

Garland

et al. 2013

Animal

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This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in skin permeability to methylene blue dye or skin morphology between dairy cows that differed in their susceptibility to digital dermatitis (DD) and to assess the effect of contact with slurry on skin permeability. Twenty nine dairy cows were monitored for DD during the winter housing period and classed as DD1 (previous DD infection, n 5 17), or DD2 (no recorded infection, n 5 12). The animals were culled and a skin sample was taken from above the heel of each hind foot and frozen. Samples were later defrosted and one sample from each cow was tested for permeability, whereas the other was treated with slurry for 24 h before permeability testing. To test permeability, methylene blue dye was applied to the skin surface in a Franz diffusion cell. After 48 h, the amount of dye that had passed through the skin was estimated. The stratum corneum thickness and the density of hair follicles were determined from additional heel skin samples. Skin permeability to methylene blue dye was significantly greater for samples that had been treated with slurry but did not differ between DD1 and DD2 animals. No difference was found in the stratum corneum thickness or density of hair follicles between DD1 and DD2 animals. These findings imply that individual differences in general skin permeability are not a major factor in determining DD susceptibility and suggest that contact with slurry could contribute to DD infection by increasing the permeability of the skin, which may facilitate pathogen entry. Further work is required to clarify the role played by slurry in the pathogenesis of DD.

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“…22 Recent developments have also confirmed that the hair follicles play a significant role in transdermal permeation and that the application of massage has a positive effect in follicular penetration. [23][24][25][26] Lademann et al 27 discovered that mechanical massage could result in a much deeper penetration of nanoparticles into the hair follicles than was the case without massage. It was assumed that with massage, the movement of hairs acted as a pump mechanism, pushing the nanoparticles more deeply into the hair follicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of magnetic silk fibroin nanoparticles for massage-like transdermal drug delivery

Chen¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

IJN

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A synergistic approach by the combination of magnetic nanoparticles with an alternating magnetic field for transdermal drug delivery was investigated. Methotrexate-loaded silk fibroin magnetic nanoparticles were prepared using suspension-enhanced dispersion by supercritical CO 2 . The physiochemical properties of the magnetic nanoparticles were characterized. In vitro studies on drug permeation across skin were performed under different magnetic fields in comparison with passive diffusion. The permeation flux enhancement factor was found to increase under a stationary magnetic field, while an alternating magnetic field enhanced drug permeation more effectively; the combination of stationary and alternating magnetic fields, which has a massage-like effect on the skin, achieved the best result. The mechanistic studies using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrate that an alternating magnetic field can change the ordered structure of the stratum corneum lipid bilayers from the gel to the lipid-crystalline state, which can increase the fluidity of the stratum corneum lipids, thus enhancing skin penetration. Compared with the other groups, the fluorescence signal with a bigger area detected in deeper regions of the skin also reveals that the simulated massage could enhance the drug permeation across the skin by increasing the follicular transport. The combination of magnetic nanoparticles with stationary/alternating magnetic fields has potential for effective massage-like transdermal drug delivery.

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Targeting to the hair follicles: Current status and potential

Cited by 144 publications

References 55 publications

Potential of imaging analysis in establishing skin concentration-distance profiles for topically applied FITC-dextran 4 kDa

Potential of imaging analysis in establishing skin concentration-distance profiles for topically applied FITC-dextran 4 kDa

The effect of slurry on skin permeability to methylene blue dye in dairy cows with and without a history of digital dermatitis

Study of magnetic silk fibroin nanoparticles for massage-like transdermal drug delivery

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