Targeting the stress support network regulated by autophagy and senescence for cancer treatment

The FMRFamide Neuropeptide FLP-20 Acts as a Systemic Signal for Starvation Responses in Caenorhabditis elegans

“…However, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice did not perfectly mimic the starvation state, as exemplified by their normal levels of proteolysis in skeletal muscles ( Turpin et al, 2009 ). Thus, it is reasonable to propose that specific hormones or neuropeptides that increase their expression under nutrient-deficient conditions positively regulate starvation responses, including autophagy that is key in maintaining cellular homeostasis during stress responses including starvation ( Cho et al, 2020 ; Kim et al, 2018 ; 2021 ; Kwon et al, 2017 ; Lee et al, 2021 ; Molinari, 2021 ; Sebastian and Zorzano, 2020 ; Zachari et al, 2019 ). In fact, recent studies suggest that FGF21 is a starvation-regulating hormone, which is induced under nutrient-deficient conditions and positively regulates a collection of starvation responses, such as growth inhibition, tissue breakdown, autophagy, and lipid degradation ( Badman et al, 2007 ; Byun et al, 2020 ; Fazeli et al, 2015 ; Inagaki et al, 2008 ).…”

A flow-cytometry-based assessment of global protein synthesis in human senescent cells

“…Elimination of senescent cells or modulation of its inflammatory secretory phenotype holds great promise for treating several age-related diseases ( Kang, 2019 ; Kirkland and Tchkonia, 2017 ; van Deursen, 2019 ). However, senescent cells display significant heterogeneity in their phenotypes, depending on the nature of senescence triggers and cell types ( Hernandez-Segura et al., 2017 ; Kang and Elledge, 2016 ; Kim et al., 2021a ; Kwon et al., 2017 ); this greatly limits the therapeutic value of targeting senescence ( Kim et al., 2021b ). Similarly, it is possible that not all types of senescent cells increase the rate of global protein synthesis.…”