Targeting the Cerebellum by Noninvasive Neurostimulation: a Review

Dun, Kim van; Bodranghien, Florian; Manto, Mario; Mariën, Peter

doi:10.1007/s12311-016-0840-7

Cited by 105 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 217 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The links between learning, compensation/decompensation, and cerebellar reserve require specific studies. This is a critical point at a time when techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are increasingly used to promote recovery [35]. One example of the importance of the delineation of cerebellar reserve comes from the observation that animals undergoing both cortical hemispherectomy and contralateral cerebellar resection cannot relearn motor tasks [34].…”

Section: The Compensation Following Transection Of Cerebellar Pedunclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cerebellar reserve refers to the capacity of the cerebellum to compensate for tissue damage or loss of function resulting from many different etiologies. When the inciting event produces acute focal damage (e.g., stroke, trauma), impaired cerebellar function may be compensated for by other cerebellar areas or by extracerebellar structures (i.e., structural cerebellar reserve). In contrast, when pathological changes compromise cerebellar neuronal integrity gradually leading to cell death (e.g., metabolic and immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias, neurodegenerative ataxias), it is possible that the affected area itself can compensate for the slowly evolving cerebellar lesion (i.e., functional cerebellar reserve). Here, we examine cerebellar reserve from the perspective of the three cornerstones of clinical ataxiology: control of ocular movements, coordination of voluntary axial and appendicular movements, and cognitive functions. Current evidence indicates that cerebellar reserve is potentiated by environmental enrichment through the mechanisms of autophagy and synaptogenesis, suggesting that cerebellar reserve is not rigid or fixed, but exhibits plasticity potentiated by experience. These conclusions have therapeutic implications. During the period when cerebellar reserve is preserved, treatments should be directed at stopping disease progression and/or limiting the pathological process. Simultaneously, cerebellar reserve may be potentiated using multiple approaches. Potentiation of cerebellar reserve may lead to compensation and restoration of function in the setting of cerebellar diseases, and also in disorders primarily of the cerebral hemispheres by enhancing cerebellar mechanisms of action. It therefore appears that cerebellar reserve, and the underlying plasticity of cerebellar microcircuitry that enables it, may be of critical neurobiological importance to a wide range of neurological/neuropsychiatric conditions.

show abstract

Section: The Compensation Following Transection Of Cerebellar Pedunclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the NIBS to the cerebellum modulates cerebellar excitability [98,[129][130][131], motor function [132,133], and motor learning [32,[134][135][136][137][138] in healthy population. In patients with cerebellar ataxia, some previous studies reported about the effect of tDCS to the cerebellum on motor function [131,[139][140][141]. A double-blind, randomized and sham-controlled study revealed that cerebellar tDCS improved SARA, ICARS, nine-hole peg test, and gait speed [141].…”

Section: Noninvasive Brain Stimulation (Nibs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Therapy for Cerebellar Ataxia

Matsugi¹

2017

Neurological Physical Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ataxia, the incoordination and balance dysfunction in movements without muscle weakness, causes gait and postural disturbance in patients with stroke, multiple sclerosis, and degeneration in the cerebellum. The aim of this article was to provide a narrative review of the previous reports on physical therapy for mainly cerebellar ataxia offering various opinions. Some systematic reviews and randomized control trial studies, which were searched in the electronic databases using terms "ataxia" and "physical therapy," enable a strategy for physical therapy for cerebellar ataxia. Intensive physical therapy more than 1 hour per day for at least 4 weeks, focused on balance, gait, and strength training in hospital and home for patients with degenerative cerebellar ataxia can improve ataxia, gait ability, and activity of daily living. Furthermore, the weighting on the torso, using treadmill, noninvasive brain stimulation over the cerebellum for neuromodulation to facilitate motor learning, and neurophysiological assessment have a potential to improve the effect of physical therapy on cerebellar ataxia. Previous findings indicated that physical therapy is time restricted; therefore, its long-term effect and the effect of new optional neurophysiological methods should be studied.

show abstract

“…Due to its numerous connections with the motor and associative cortical regions, its high density of neurons (in particular in the cerebellar cortex), its electrical properties, and its position immediately below the skull, the cerebellum is now considered as a real target to modulate distant cortical regions [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive Cerebellar Stimulation: Moving Towards Clinical Applications for Cerebellar and Extra-Cerebellar Disorders

Dun

Manto

2017

Cerebellum

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The field of non-invasive stimulation of the cerebellum is quickly expanding. The anatomical structure of the cerebellum with a high density of neurons in the superficial layer, its electrical properties, and its participation in numerous closed-loop circuits involved in motor, cognitive, and affective operations both in children and in adults make of the cerebellum a target with very high potential for neuromodulation of both cerebellar and extra-cerebellar disorders, in neurology, psychiatry, and neurosurgery. A common research effort is required to extract the optimal parameters of stimulation and to identify how non-invasive stimulation of the cerebellum modifies cerebellar plasticity and functional connectivity in remote cortical and subcortical areas. A patient stratification should be considered.

show abstract

Targeting the Cerebellum by Noninvasive Neurostimulation: a Review

Cited by 105 publications

References 217 publications

Consensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders

Consensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders

Physical Therapy for Cerebellar Ataxia

Non-invasive Cerebellar Stimulation: Moving Towards Clinical Applications for Cerebellar and Extra-Cerebellar Disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About