Targeting premeal anxiety in eating disordered clients and normal controls: A preliminary investigation into the use of mindful eating vs. distraction during food exposure

Abstract

Preliminary findings suggest that clinicians may want to proceed cautiously when using mindful eating in those with severe eating disorders during the early stages of food exposure. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Impact of Non-Diet Approaches on Attitudes, Behaviors, and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review

“…Articles that were excluded from the analysis were primarily due to a lack of control or comparison groups. Research by Marek et al 64 …”

“…60 Restraint and/or disinhibition were variables measured individually or together in some studies, 2,3,33,36,55,57,62,66,71 whereas other studies did not measure these behaviors. 59,61,[63][64][65]67,69,[73][74][75] These variables also lack consistency in terms used to describe the non-diet approach. A contributing factor was that various assessment tools were used to measure similar study variables, which make it challenging to offer generalized statements about validity and reliability.…”

“…As an example, some studies used weight as an outcome variable 2,3,33,36,55,[57][58][59]62,[65][66][67]69,[71][72][73] whereas others did not. 61,63,64 Some researchers used the nondiet approach of intuitive eating 2,3,36,57,59,63,66,67,72,74 whereas others used mindful eating 55,61,64,65 and yet others articulated their intervention with HAES 33,62,69,71,73 or the Satter Eating Competence Model. 60 Restraint and/or disinhibition were variables measured individually or together in some studies, 2,3,33,36,55,57,62,66,71 whereas other studies did not measure these behaviors.…”

“…2,3,33,34,36,55,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]69 One intervention included individual counseling 63 and another was delivered through online learning modules. 60 Interventions ranged from 50 minutes to 18 months; most interventions lasted 8-16 weeks.…”

“…50 Many researchers have been implementing non-diet interventions and assessing their effects on anthropometrics, cholesterol, blood pressure, body image, depressions, stress, dietary restraint and disinhibition, dietary quality, and physical activity. 23,33,34,36,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] The aim of this research was to conduct a systematic review to synthesize the peer-reviewed literature evaluating non-diet interventions to determine their effectiveness. Results are intended to guide the development of more effective intervention efforts and provide directions for future research.…”