Targeting Ovarian Cancer Cell Cytotoxic Drug Resistance Phenotype with Xanthium strumarium L. Extract

Abstract

Emerging drugs aim at targeting the genomic integrity and replication machinery in ovarian cancer. While the antiproliferative activity of Xanthium strumarium L. extract (XFC), a traditional herbal medicine, is believed to alter the mitotic apparatus of Chinese hamster ovary epithelial cells, its capacity to target and overcome the chemoresistance phenotype in ovarian cancer is unknown. Among the cancer cell lines tested, we found that the best proliferation inhibitory effect for XFC was against ovarian cancer cells and ranged from 30 to 35 μg/mL. XFC efficiently targeted both the cytotoxic drug chemoresistance phenotype of SKOV-3 cells and of the chemosensitive ES-2 cells. Early apoptosis and late apoptosis were effectively induced by XFC extract in ES-2 cells, whereas late apoptosis and necrosis events were triggered in SKOV-3 cells. Cell cycling regulation was trapped by XFC extract in the G2/M phase in both the ES-2 and SKOV-3 cell models. This effect was, in part, attributable to increased dose-dependent tubulin polymerization, which was increased in SKOV-3 cells. Whereas XFC extract triggered poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in both ES-2 and SKOV-3 cells, it only lowered Nrf2 in ES-2 cells and phosphorylated Akt levels in SKOV-3 cells. Interestingly, cell cycling regulators Cdk4, Cyclin D3, and p27 were all decreased in SKOV-3 cells. XFC extracts were effective in inhibiting in vitro migration in both ovarian cancer cell models. Our data support the potential anticancer targeting of chemoresistant human ovarian cancer cells phenotype by XFC extract.

EGCG Inhibits Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation into Adipocytes and Prevents a STAT3-Mediated Paracrine Oncogenic Control of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Invasive Phenotype

“…MDA-MB-231 cells were seeded into 6-well tissue culture dishes and grown to nearly confluent cell monolayers. Then, a linear wound was generated in the monolayer with a sterile 200 μL pipette tip creating a cell-free area [ 62 ]. Cultures were gently washed with the growth medium to remove loose cells.…”

An In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Antitumor Activity of Extracts Derived from Three Well-Known Plant Species

“…Moreover, in an ex vivo model, administration of the extracts inhibited tumoral growth and induced apoptosis by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in the cancerous cells [49]. Comparable IC 50 values were also reported for other cancerous cell types, including colorectal adenocarcinomas (HT-29 and C2BBe-1), breast adenocarcinomas (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), and ovarian carcinomas (SKOV-3 and ES-2) after treatment with an ethanolic extract of X. strumarium L. leaves [50]. Higher cytotoxicity was reported in Chinese hamster ovary cells after treatment with the whole extract of the aerial parts of X. strumarium L. The calculated IC 50 in this latter case was 20.5 µg/mL [51].…”

Diagnostic Value of Serum Markers Combined with TVCDS in Ovarian Cancer Patients Treated with Bushen Yiqi Quyu Prescription

“…Health professionals have different opinions about treating OC. Francisco Fernandez et al [ 20 ] believed that invigorating the spleen and tonifying the kidney could improve the fatigue symptoms of OC patients. Tao et al reported [ 21 ] that the treatment of OC should be based on disease differentiation, constitution differentiation, and combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation.…”