“…This process is catalyzed by a cascade comprising the NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 (NAE, NAE1 and UBA3 heterodimer), NEDD8-conjugating enzyme E2, and substrate-specific NEDD8-E3 ligases (1)(2)(3). The best known substrates of neddylation are cullin family proteins, the essential subunits of multiunit Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRL) whose dysfunction leads to tumorigenesis and tumor progression (1)(2)(3). NEDD8 conjugation also regulates the function of several other important cancer-related proteins, including oncoproteins [e.g., Mdm2 (4), HuR (5), and Smurf1 (6)] and tumor suppressors [e.g., p53 (4), pVHL (7), and TGFb type II receptor (8)].…”