Targeting key risk factors for cardiovascular disease in at-risk individuals: developing a digital, personalized and real-time intervention to facilitate smoking cessation and physical activity (Preprint)

Abstract

UNSTRUCTURED Background and objective: Smoking and physical inactivity are two key preventable risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Yet, as with most health behaviors, they are difficult to change. In the interdisciplinary Perfect Fit project, scientists from different fields join forces to develop an evidence-based virtual coach that supports smokers in quitting smoking and increasing their physical activity. Intervention content, design and implementation, and lessons learned are presented to support other research groups working on similar projects. Methods: Six different approaches were used and combined to support the development of the Perfect Fit virtual coach. The approaches used are: (1) literature reviews, (2) empirical studies, (3) collaboration with end-users, (4) content and technical development sprints, (5) interdisciplinary collaboration, and (6) iterative proof-of-concept implementation. Results: The Perfect Fit intervention integrates evidence-based behavior change techniques with new techniques focused on identity change, big data science, sensor technology, and personalized real-time coaching. Intervention content of the virtual coaching matches the individual needs of the end users. Lessons learned include ways to optimally implement and tailor interactions with the virtual coach (e.g., clearly explain why the user is asked for input, tailor the timing and the frequency of the intervention components). Concerning the development process, lessons learned include strategies for effective interdisciplinary collaboration and technical development (e.g., finding a good balance between end-users wishes and legal possibilities). Conclusion: The Perfect Fit development process was interactive, iterative, and challenging at times. Our experiences and lessons learned can inspire and benefit others.