Targeting iron-metabolism:a potential therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis

Disulfidptosis: A new type of cell death

“…Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) can attack assault polyunsaturated fatty acids embedded in the cellular membrane, instigating a self-amplifying cascade of lipid peroxidation [93]. The concentration of iron ions is meticulously governed by a cohort of iron metabolismassociated proteins, notably the iron export protein (FPN) The death receptor pathway is initiated by the binding of death receptors on the cell surface to ligands, while the mitochondrial pathway activates apoptotic enzymes by releasing proapoptotic factors such as cytochrome C from mitochondria [32,40,42,45,61] [94], the iron regulatory hormone (Hepcidin) [95], and the iron storage molecule (Ferritin) [96].…”