Targeting Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage for Visualizing, Monitoring, and Evaluating Ischemia Reperfusion Injury with Rus-Tc ^99m Probe

Abstract

Background : Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury as a serious threat to human health is characterized by cerebral endothelial leakage, as a result of the damage of blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is thus quite attractive to realize real-time monitoring of BBB damage for therapeutic surveillance. Methods : In this study, a radioactive probe is constructed by conjugating ruscogenin (Rus), a neuroprotectants, to technetium-99m (Tc 99m) to assess the damage of cerebral endothelial in BBB. Results : In vitro study proves that the probe can penetrate more e ciently in damaged BBB. Then, longitudinal nuclear imaging distinguishes mice with BBB leakage from normal ones, which is validated by evans blue staining of brain tissue. Higher nuclear signal also correlates with poorer blood circulation in brain. Further, by visualizing brain signal during drug treatment, the probe nds that the most obvious protective e cacy of Rus occurs at 12 h post administration, which is superior than edaravone (Edara). Conclusion : Altogether, the probe is promising to monitor I/R injury real-time by radioactive-imaging of BBB integrity. Importantly, Rus as a neuroprotectants may serve as a potential theranostic agent for I/R treatment.