Targeted Sampling: Options for the Study of Hidden Populations

Watters, John K.; Biernacki, Patrick

doi:10.1525/sp.1989.36.4.03a00070

Cited by 685 publications

(542 citation statements)

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“…Families were recruited through schools and street outreach techniques, including ethnographic mapping and targeted sampling. 63 Recruitment neighborhoods were identified using the community identification process, a mapping method to record epidemiological indicators of the prevalence and incidence of community violence and other selected social and health conditions. 64 Interested families contacted the research site to schedule an appointment.…”

Section: Methods Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Direct and Indirect Violence Exposure on Externalizing Behavior in Children

et al. 2016

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The objective of this study was to examine the association between externalizing behaviors and indirect violence exposure, assessed both within the household and at the community level, as well as the interaction effect of indirect and direct violence exposure. A sample of parents of children ages 4-15 who have not been referred or enrolled in child welfare (n = 82) were recruited from the greater New Orleans community. Externalizing behavior was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The child's indirect exposure to violence included witnessing community violence, witnessing physical assault, and witnessing fighting or domestic violence at home. Direct exposure to violence included the child experiencing physical aggression from a caregiver. All assessments were based on caregiver reports. To decrease potential for confounding, children were matched for analysis based on age, Hurricane Katrina exposure, and their propensity to be exposed to high indirect violence. Cumulative indirect exposure to violence was significantly positively correlated with CBCL scores. After controlling for key covariates, CBCL externalizing T score increased significantly by approximately 1.25 points for each level increase in indirect violence exposure (β = 1.25, SE = 0.57, p = 0.027). There also was a significant interaction between indirect and direct exposure to violence in the association with CBCL score (β = −0.08, SE = 0.03, p = 0.002). These findings extend previous research by demonstrating that exposure to both direct and cross-contextual indirect violence influences externalizing behaviors in children. Additionally, the findings suggest that community and household social environments are both important targets for interventions designed to decrease externalizing behaviors and improve longterm outcomes for youth at risk of exposure to violence.KEYWORDS Childhood exposure to violence, Cumulative exposure to violence, Indirect exposure to violence, Direct exposure to violence, Community violence, Household violence, Child physical aggression, Child externalizing behaviors BACKGROUND

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Section: Methods Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Direct and Indirect Violence Exposure on Externalizing Behavior in Children

et al. 2016

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“…Participants were recruited between July 2003 and January 2006 in North Carolina using a targeted sampling approach (Carlson et al, 1994;Watters and Biernacki, 1989). Once areas were identified, participants were recruited using traditional street outreach methods, where recovering drug users went into high drug use communities to recruit active drug users and distribute risk reduction materials (e.g., condoms, bleach, water, and educational materials) (Cunningham-Williams et al, 1999).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of illicit drug use and harmful drinking on quality of life among injection drug users at high risk for hepatitis C infection

Costenbader

Zule

Coomes

2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-Heavy alcohol use, hepatitis C and illicit drug use each have been shown to have negative impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQL). To date, considerations of HRQL have not played a prominent role in the design and measurement of intervention strategies for out-oftreatment at-risk populations.Methods-Data were collected from out-of-treatment IDUs recruited through street outreach in North Carolina. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the independent effects of HCV status, harmful drinking (AUDIT), and illicit drug use on HRQL (SF-36).Results-Fifty-one percent of 619 study participants tested HCV-positive; 57% met criteria for harmful or hazardous drinking and 63% reported daily use of hard drugs. HRQL scores for this population were significantly lower than those of the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that harmful levels of alcohol consumption and use of methamphetamine in the past month had the strongest associations with reduced HRQL.Conclusions-Given the high rates of HCV in most IDU communities, new harm reduction approaches are needed for these populations which focus beyond prevention to the functioning and well-being of those already infected. In particular, reducing heavy alcohol use in addition to slowing HCV progression shows promise for improving HRQL.

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“…those where no sampling frame exists (Birman, 2006) as once random sampling approaches have been saturated, non-random methods often need to be utilised (Dahinden and Efionayi-Mäder, 2009). A targeted sampling approach was therefore adopted which involved the recruitment of migrant respondents at sites identified as salient from 'ethnographic mapping' (Watters and Biernacki, 1989;Heckathorn, 1997: 175). Through using a range of methods and sampling strategies therefore, the researcher was able to include the voices of this rather transient and hidden Polish migrant community in the research (see Griffiths, 2014 for further discussion of the sampling strategy and its limitations).…”

Section: The Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Civilised Communities

Griffiths¹

2014

CRIMIN

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Immigration and its effects on crime, social disorder and community tensions remains a pervasive feature of public, government and academic discourse. This discourse often considers immigration, and immigrants themselves, as a threat to the community's existing moral and social order. This paper presents the findings of a case study that used quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the experiences of social order following a recent wave of Polish migration in a small working class town in the North West of England. The key findings show that the assumed association of migration with a disruption to social order receives little support. Rather, the social order in the studied locale is predominantly managed and maintained through 'civilised relationships' between migrants and established residents, thus failing to culminate into conflict between the two groups. This situation of 'civility' provides an alternative to the preponderance of previous research telling a 'gloomy tale' of immigration and its impact on local communities.

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Targeted Sampling: Options for the Study of Hidden Populations

Cited by 685 publications

References 0 publications

Role of Direct and Indirect Violence Exposure on Externalizing Behavior in Children

Role of Direct and Indirect Violence Exposure on Externalizing Behavior in Children

The impact of illicit drug use and harmful drinking on quality of life among injection drug users at high risk for hepatitis C infection

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