Targeted Paclitaxel by Conjugation to Iron Oxide and Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract

The Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles, tailored with maleimidyl 3-succinimidopropionate ligands, were conjugated with paclitaxel molecules that were attached with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacer through a phosphodiester moiety at the (C-2')-OH position. The average number of paclitaxel molecules/nanoparticles was determined as 83. These nanoparticles liberated paclitaxel molecules upon exposure to phosphodiesterase.

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“…This hydrolysis of phosphodiester meioty by phosphodiesterase helps in the liberation of free nanoparticle from the gold nanoparticle. 33 Mirkin et al synthesized oligonucleotide-GNP conjugates with paclitexal. Thus the paclitexal, which is otherwise insoluble in aqueous phase, now gets solubilized.…”

Polymeric pharmaceutical forms - the forms of the future

“…Chemotherapeutic agents with phosphate structures would interact preferentially with tumor cells (51). Moreover, dephosphorylation often takes place more easily in tumor cells compared to normal cells (52). Studies performed on experimental animals demonstrate that the polymer poly(hydroxyoxyethylene phosphate) does not show toxic effects after intravenous injection with a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight.…”

Multifunctional Gold Nanocarriers for Cancer Theranostics: From Bench to Bedside and Back Again?

“…The administrations of hydrophobic drugs require molecular encapsulation and it is found that nanosized particles are particularly efficient in evading the reticuloendothelial system. This approach gives a rare opportunity to prepare hybrid particles with a well-defined amount of drug and offers a new alternative for the design of nanosized drug-delivery systems (Kim et al, 2009a;Hwu et al, 2009;Gibson et al, 2007) (see Figure 4) Nanotechnology has provided for novel and powerful systems that may be used treatment of human diseases. However the majority of products, reagents and drugs being used for the development of these nanoscale systems have to be approved by the main supervising agencies, such as the FDA and EMA (Baptista, 2009).…”