“…The other articles and reviews addressed further cancer-related issues relevant to types of compounds of a different nature, specifically: - The methanolic extract of Malva pseudolavatera leaves, which showed a promising selective anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect on acute myeloid leukemia cell lines, determining PARP cleavage, cytochrome-c release, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increase and ROS overproduction [ 19 ];
- Eicosapentaenoic acid, an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, which played a protective role, both alone and in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, in attenuating adipocyte-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression and the migration of breast cancer cells in an in vitro model of obesity-induced breast cancer [ 20 ];
- Fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, whose combination with gemcitabine determined an enhanced pro-apoptotic and cell cycle-inhibitory activity on selected uterine carcinosarcoma and stromal sarcoma cell lines [ 21 ];
- Nicotin, whose mechanisms underlying the promotion of melanoma cell proliferation and migration mediated through α9-nAChR-initiated carcinogenic signaling and PD-L1 expression were reported by Nguyen et al [ 22 ];
- The ethyl acetate fraction of the crude extract of Streptomyces sp. MUM256, isolated from mangrove soil in Malaysia, and the cyclic dipeptides contained whose ability to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was demonstrated by Tan et al [ 23 ] in colon cancer cells;
- Manoalide, an antibiotic sesterterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge Luffariella variabilis , which preferentially inhibits the proliferation of oral cancer cells inducing apoptosis and DNA damages via oxidative stresses, such as intracellular ROS and MitoSOX/MitoMP [ 24 ];
- λ-carrageenan, a family of linear sulfated polysaccharides, proven to enhance the effect of radiotherapy by suppressing the survival and invasiveness of different cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo through the Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 pathway [ 25 ];
- Ethanol, which was found to trigger a pro-survival autophagic response following the induction of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in colon cancer cells, and the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 also leading to the acquisition of a more aggressive phenotype [ 26 ];
- Colchicine, an alkaloid present in the medicinal plant Colchicum autumnale , whose enhanced anticancer effects and reduced cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells when delivered in the nanoformulated form was reported by AbouAitah et al [ 27 ].
…”