Targeted Modification of Physical-Chemical Properties of Drugs as a Universal Way to Transform “Old” Drugs into “New” Drugs

Urakov, Aleksandr; Уракова, Н. А.; Sorokina, Yulia; Samorodov, Aleksandr; Fisher, Evgeny

doi:10.5772/intechopen.110480

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…Об этом ярко повествует русская пословица: «Та же мучка, да не те ручки». Кроме этого, любой реальный лекарственный препарат в реальных условиях всегда отличается своими физическими, химическими, физико-химическими свойствами и биологической активностью не только от аналогичного реального продукта, произведенного иным производителем и/или в ином месте, в иное время, либо хранимого в иных условиях, но и от своего иллюзорного энциклопедического эталона [37][38][39]. В то же время было показано, что искусственное изменение физико-химических свойств реальных лекарств за счет приданиям им «нужной» температурной, кислотной (щелочной), осмотической активности и/или за счет обогащения их газами позволяет превращать «старые» лекарства в «новые».…”

Section: химическая философия фармации и фармакологии преимущества и ...unclassified

Idealization in pharmacology and pharmacy: Symbol of the chemical formula of one molecule of a substance and a real pharmaceutical product

Urakov,

Shabanov

2024

Rev Clin Pharm Drug Ther

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The fundamentally different essence of two levels of information used in modern pharmacy, pharmacology and medicine for operations related to theoretical reasoning about medicines and the actual practice of their use in the treatment of specific patients is reported. In particular, the essence of theoretical information about medicines and norms of their use in accordance with the standards of medical care is analyzed. It is shown that the information about medicines and standards of medical care, dominating nowadays in textbooks, reference books, encyclopedias, scientific articles and normative and technical documents, is built on the idealized essence of chemically pure substances and idealized essence of their interaction with an idealized virtual patient. In this regard, in the fields of pharmacy, pharmacology, and chemistry, physics, and materials science, researchers to date have traditionally represented chemical elements (and drugs) by certain chemical formulas, names, and symbols for their molecules. Moreover, in pharmacy and pharmacology, the structural formula of one molecule of only one chemical substance belonging to the group of so-called main active substances most often plays this role. As a rule, this chemical symbol of its molecule is identified with the real substance itself. It is assumed that the substance in question is of ideal high quality, it is completely free of any impurities, it is not combined with other substances and does not represent a certain pharmaceutical product (it is not a tablet, not a solution, not an ointment, not an aerosol, etc.), and is not manufactured by a certain pharmaceutical company according to a certain recipe. At the same time, modern pharmaceutical products are not separate molecules, not pure chemical reagents, but all sorts of mixtures of different substances of different quality in different ratios. At the same time, each pharmaceutical product of each manufacturing plant and each series number has only inherent and unique mechanical, physical, chemical, physico-chemical properties and quality indicators. Therefore, the idealized essence of drugs is far from the essence of real pharmaceutical products. The chemical name and chemical formula are just a symbol of one molecule of a chemical element, reflecting its idealized chemical essence, but not the essence of a real "tablet", "ampoule" and/or "tube" with it. In turn, the virtual patient of average gender, average age, average health status, with a body weight of about 70 kg implied by the standards of medical care is just an idealized object of interaction with an idealized "medicine". In this regard, the study of the relationship between the idealized and real essence of drugs and patients is a crucial part of the problem of the relationship between theory and reality in pharmacy, pharmacology and in medicine.

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Section: химическая философия фармации и фармакологии преимущества и ...unclassified

Idealization in pharmacology and pharmacy: Symbol of the chemical formula of one molecule of a substance and a real pharmaceutical product

Urakov,

Shabanov

2024

Rev Clin Pharm Drug Ther

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Method and technology for drug repurposing based on changes in the physicochemical properties of dosage forms: experience of use in Russia

Urakov

2023

Psychopharmacology & biological narcology

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Controlled local hyperthermia and hypothermia are important factors in drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics because changing the temperature of drugs changes their physicochemical properties. In this regard, a controlled change in the temperature of the drug and/or the body part with which the drug interacts, relative to the level of human body temperature (hyperthermia or hypothermia) forms the basis of temperature pharmacology. To analyze the authors publications on the problem of methodology and technology for repurposing drugs based on changes in the physicochemical properties of dosage forms. A controlled change in the temperature of the drug and/or the part of the body with which the drug interacts; a change in acid (alkaline), osmotic activity, and the degree and quality of carbonation and/or oxygen-forming activity of medicinal solutions; and a change in the concentration of medicinal solution ingredients. On the basis of the used methods, the reprofiling of a number of drugs has been achieved. The author proposed reprofiling a 4% potassium chloride solution from the group of macroelements and microelements used to regulate acid-base balance with a resorptive effect (when administered intravenously to the whole body) into a group of vasoconstrictive drugs used to stop bleeding when applied to by a single irrigation of the bleeding surface. Cooling certain drugs and tissues at their interaction sites to 18C20C (via an ice pack or its substitute) inhibits metabolism and function, ensuring the conversion of many drugs into anti-ischemic drugs by reducing the need for tissues in oxygen. A targeted change in the physicochemical properties of known drugs combined with local hyperthermia allows them to be converted into expectorant, pyrolytic (astringent), hemolytic, thrombolytic (hemostatic), detergent, bleaching, cleaning, and other drugs, including antiseptic and cauterizing (necrotizing) drugs, very reliably, quickly, and inexpensively. Thus, 40 years ago, pharmacologists of the Russian Federation established the foundation for a novel method of drug development known today as repurposing of existing drugs. Today, it is evident that reprofiling may rapidly, inexpensively, and effectively give existing drugs a new purpose.

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Physical-chemical repurposing of drugs. History of its formation in Russia

Urakov,

Shabanov

2023

Rev Clin Pharm Drug Ther

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It is reported that the traditional scheme of finding and developing a new drug and conducting the whole complex of preclinical studies requires several thousand chemical compounds, hundreds of millions of US dollars and more than 12 years of work. It is shown that physicochemical pharmacology was born in Russia at the end of the 20th century, which in our days has been transformed into physicochemical repurposing of known medicines. The first successfully repurposed known drug was a solution of 4% potassium chloride, which had previously traditionally belonged to the group of macro- and microelements, used by intravenous injections to regulate acid-base balance and rhythmic activity of the heart. In 1983, it was stated that this medicinal solution, when heated to 3942C and applied topically by irrigation of the bleeding surface, could be classified as a vasoconstrictor and hemostatic drug. Hyperthermia was used as a physico-chemical reprofiling factor, which, according to the Arrhenius law, accelerated and intensified, on the one hand, the spastic action of K+ cations on the gaping blood vessels (formation of hyperkalium contracture in the smooth muscles of the vascular wall) and, on the other hand, the blood clotting process in the wound. In subsequent years, the promise of physicochemical repurposing of known drugs was shown on the example of water, hydrogen peroxide, sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate by purposefully changing their temperature, acid, osmotic activity, as well as the amount and quality of gas content (passing). A chronology of the physicochemical repurposing of known drug solutions and tablets is described and the essence of such new groups of drugs as bleachers of bruises and pyolytics is given. It is shown that both groups of drugs were discovered in Russia and are intended for local use to bleach bruises (blood stains) and dissolve thick mucus, sputum, pus, blood clots, meconium and other dense biological tissues containing the enzyme catalase. It is pointed out that the advantage and at the same time the limitation of the known drugs repurposed according to this scheme is their local application, since their new pharmacological activity is caused mainly by the physical and chemical principle of action, which is manifested by local interaction with the selected area of the patients organism.

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Targeted Modification of Physical-Chemical Properties of Drugs as a Universal Way to Transform “Old” Drugs into “New” Drugs

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Idealization in pharmacology and pharmacy: Symbol of the chemical formula of one molecule of a substance and a real pharmaceutical product

Idealization in pharmacology and pharmacy: Symbol of the chemical formula of one molecule of a substance and a real pharmaceutical product

Method and technology for drug repurposing based on changes in the physicochemical properties of dosage forms: experience of use in Russia

Physical-chemical repurposing of drugs. History of its formation in Russia

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