Targeted Metagenomics of Retting in Flax: The Beginning of the Quest to Harness the Secret Powers of the Microbiota

Djemiel, Christophe; Goulas, Estelle; Badalato, Nelly; Chabbert, Brigitte; Hawkins, Simon; Grec, Sébastien

doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.581664

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…These authors also reported that only up to 0.04% of bacterial colonies present in soil have the capacity to degrade PLA. Despite its low sensitivity to biodegradation, it is interesting to note that, in the literature, PLA [ 27 , 31 ] and bast fibres [ 18 , 32 , 33 ] have some bacteria, such as Bacillus brevis, Bacillus licheniformis, Paenibacillus amylolyticus , and fungi, such as Trichoderma viride and Fusarium moniliforme , in common that are responsible of their biodegradation, but also used (or isolated) during the retting process for fibre extraction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations by AFM of Ageing Mechanisms in PLA-Flax Fibre Composites during Garden Composting

et al. 2021

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PLA-flax non-woven composites are promising materials, coupling high performance and possible degradation at their end of life. To explore their ageing mechanisms during garden composting, microstructural investigations were carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We observe that flax fibres preferentially degrade ‘inwards’ from the edge to the core of the composite. In addition, progressive erosion of the cell walls occurs within the fibres themselves, ‘outwards’ from the central lumen to the periphery primary wall. This preferential degradation is reflected in the decrease in indentation modulus from around 23 GPa for fibres located in the preserved core of the composite to 3–4 GPa for the remaining outer-most cell wall crowns located at the edge of the sample that is in contact with the compost. Ageing of the PLA matrix is less drastic with a relatively stable indentation modulus. Nevertheless, a change in the PLA morphology, a significant decrease in its roughness and increase of porosity, can be observed towards the edge of the sample, in comparison to the core. This work highlights the important role of intrinsic fibre porosity, called lumen, which is suspected to be a major variable of the compost ageing process, providing pathways of entry for moisture and microorganisms that are involved in cell wall degradation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations by AFM of Ageing Mechanisms in PLA-Flax Fibre Composites during Garden Composting

et al. 2021

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“…The yield increased to 51.0% when deionized-water was used, and the fiber bundles were easily separated by hand. Abundant fungi in the soil-water may have further decomposed the cellulose-rich secondary cell walls in the bamboo fiber bundles, 38,39 resulting in a decline of cellulose content and crystallinity. Also, sample 3MSW was rough, and some soil particles (in red circles) can be seen in Figure 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bamboo water-retting for fiber bundle extraction

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Textile Research Journal

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Bamboo fiber bundles were successfully extracted from bamboo culms using water-retting, taking advantage of enzymes secreted by microorganisms in the retting liquid. The harvest year and place of origin of the bamboo and the source of water impacted the products of the retting process. One-month-old bamboo was decomposed completely, whereas the one-year-old sample was hardly changed after 24-day retting. Moisture regain and crystallinity varied with the different origins of the bamboo. However, all samples resulted in similar chemical structures and thermal properties. The best operational conditions for water-retting were 3-month-old bamboo from Wuxi incubated in deionized water. Enzyme activities, including cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and ligninolytic enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase) were monitored during a 24-day retting. Manganese peroxidase was the primary enzyme used to degrade lignin, resulting in absorbance at 294 nm of UV-Vis spectra. In addition, xylanase played a leading role in hydrolyzing hemicellulose, which was consistent with the change in reducing sugar yield. In addition, variations in dissolved oxygen and pH values were also recorded, indicating the changes in bacterial strains and the enzymatic system. The wastewater from bamboo retting showed good biodegradability but a lack of nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, a manganese peroxidase–xylanase combined enzyme-retting treatment would offer a more environmentally friendly approach for extracting bamboo fibers.

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“…Other investigations are directed towards developing varieties exhibiting improved tolerance to a wide range of environmental and soil factors so that cultivations may flourish in a wider set of locations thereby improving the global fiber output as well as improving local economies (Baldini et al 2020;Goudenhooft et al 2019;_ Zuk-Gołaszewska and Gołaszewski 2020). A better understanding of the molecular/genetic factors in the plant that affects fiber output and separation ease, along with improving the understanding of biotic and abiotic factors that affect microbial populations and their retting efficacies are other lines of investigation being followed (Djemiel et al 2020;Mokshina et al 2018;Shuvo 2020). Other efforts include investigations to establish agronomical best practices to match local soil quality and climate conditions, for example to identify optimal planting/ harvesting seasons, the optimal seeding densities, and on varieties best-suited for local conditions (Baldini et al 2020;Baley et al 2020;Goudenhooft et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the calculation of standard days does not account for variations in precipitation levels, soil drainage and strength of solar radiation, all of which influence the rate of microbial growth and propagation, which limits the use of this approach. However, advances in microbiological and biochemical sciences, namely in metagenomics, metatransciptomics and metaproteomics, are making it possible to investigate and analyze these correlations to improve understanding and thereby achieve greater control over the retting process (Djemiel et al 2020). Other attempts to chart the course of retting and obtain consistent results, include measurements of color change in the plant mass, measuring the emanation of volatile organic compounds and odor, analyzing changes in chemical composition, or subjecting the plant mass to standardized peeling tests (Bleuze et al 2020;Mazian et al 2019;Mooney et al 2001;Réquilé et al 2018b).…”

Section: Water Rettingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of cellulose fibers from flax and hemp: a review

2021

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The paper is a review on the extraction processes of cellulosic fibers from flax and hemp. The two lignocellulosic crops have a long history of use by humans for extraction of the bast fibers among other purposes. The utility of bast fibers declined over time with industrial advances and changes to the economy, but of late, with an increase of focus on environmental impact and sustainability, there is a renewed interest in these resources. The use of biomass-based resource requires an appreciation of plant anatomy and the agronomical variables in their cultivation and harvesting. This review provides an overview of these aspects as well as of the processes of retting for initial weakening of the plant structure in preparation for fiber extraction, degumming to isolate fiber bundles, and delignification.

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Targeted Metagenomics of Retting in Flax: The Beginning of the Quest to Harness the Secret Powers of the Microbiota

Cited by 20 publications

References 174 publications

Investigations by AFM of Ageing Mechanisms in PLA-Flax Fibre Composites during Garden Composting

Investigations by AFM of Ageing Mechanisms in PLA-Flax Fibre Composites during Garden Composting

Evaluation of bamboo water-retting for fiber bundle extraction

Extraction of cellulose fibers from flax and hemp: a review

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