Targeted manipulation of grain shape genes effectively improves outcrossing rate and hybrid seed production in rice

Zhu, Xinyu; Gou, Yajun; Heng, Yueqin; Ding, Wenyan; Zhou, Degui; Li, Xiaoqing; Liang, Churong; Wu, Chuanyin; Wang, Haiyang; Shen, Rongxin

doi:10.1111/pbi.13959

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…For example, K68S, with only 1% SER, had the same stigma length with the highest SER line K64S (SER=23%); K66S did not show a statistical difference in glume width with K41S (SER=22%) and K64S, but had no stigma exsertion. These results were similar to that in rice [40][41][42][43][44]. On the other hand, stigma stretch width and stigma branch angle were also signi cantly correlated with SER in rice [43], but not signi cant in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Stigma and glume characteristics synergistically determine the stigma exsertion rate in thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile wheat

Li,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Wheat hybrids have been widely demonstrated to have remarkable heterosis or hybrid vigor in increasing yield potential and stability since the 1960s. However, commercial application of hybrid wheat is still hindered by higher seed costs mostly resulting from lower yield in hybrid seed production. Stigma exsertion has been verified as a decisive factor in increasing rice's hybrid seed yield but has been nearly ignored in hybrid wheat breeding and seed production. Results: In this study, four thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile lines K41S, K64S, K66S and K68S with different stigma exsertion rate (SER) were used to compare their differences in floral architecture relative to stigma exsertion over two growing seasons. K41S and K64S exhibited relatively higher SER at 21.87% and 22.81%, respectively. No exserted stigma was observed in K66S, and K68S had only 0.82% SER. The study found that stigma length, glume width and the length-width ratio of the glume were significantly correlated with SER, with the correlation coefficients of 0.46, -0.46 and 0.60, respectively. Other stigma features such as branch angle, stretch width and hairbrush length, as well as glume length, also had a weakly positive correlation with SER (r = 0.09-0.27). For K41S and K64S, the SER was significantly affected by the differences in stigma branch angle and stigma stretch width among florets. A cross-pollination survey showed that the outcrossing ability of florets with exserted stigma was about 3 times as many as that of florets with non-exserted stigma. As a result, the stigma exserted florets that accounted for 21.87% and 22.81% of the total florets in K41S and K64S, produced 46.80% and 48.53% of the total cross-pollinated seeds in both sterile lines. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the SER in wheat sterile line is synergistically determined by specific stigma and glume characteristics. Longer stigma combined with slender glume appears to be the basic floral feature of stigma exsertion. It is expected that breeding and utilizing sterile lines with higher SER would be a promising solution to cost-effective hybrid wheat seed production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Stigma and glume characteristics synergistically determine the stigma exsertion rate in thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile wheat

Li,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…JA also antagonizes BRs to regulate plant development, and JA can inhibit BR biosynthesis. In rice, these two hormones can regulate the lamina joint inclination through the OsBRI1-OsGSK2 pathway [46]. Moreover, in Arabidopsis, JA and BRs can synergistically regulate anthocyanin accumulation and root elongation in Arabidopsis seedlings [47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CcNAC6 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis in Sudan Grass (Sorghum sudanense S.)

Huang,

Wu,

Lin

et al. 2024

Plants

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The degree of forage lignification is a key factor affecting its digestibility by ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense S.) is a high-quality sorghum forage, and its lignocellulose is mostly stored in the secondary cell wall. However, the secondary cell wall synthesis mechanism of Sudan grass has not yet been studied in depth. To further study the secondary cell wall synthesis mechanism of Sudan grass using established transcriptome data, this study found that CcNAC6, a homologous gene of Arabidopsis AtSND2, is related to the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass. Accordingly, we constructed a CcNAC6-overexpressing line of Arabidopsis to investigate the function of the CcNAC6 gene in secondary cell wall synthesis. The results showed that the overexpression of the CcNAC6 gene could significantly increase the lignin content of Arabidopsis. Based on subcellular localization analysis, CcNAC6 is found in the nucleus. In addition, yeast two-hybridization screening showed that CcCP1, associated with secondary cell wall synthesis, can interact with CcNAC6. Therefore, the above results indicate that CcNAC6 has a positive regulatory effect on the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass, and it is speculated that CcNAC6 may be the main regulator of the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass through its interaction with another regulatory protein, CcCP1. This study provides a theoretical basis and new genetic resources for the creation of new Sudan grass germplasm with a low lignin content.

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“…The influence of grain shape on SER was partly caused by the influence on stigma shape. Recently, cellular examination and transcriptomic analyses revealed that three grain shape regulatory genes, GS3 , GW8 and GS9 , cooperatively regulate cell division during pistil development ( Zhu et al., 2023 ). This may be the molecular mechanism of the pleiotropy of grain shape regulatory genes on stigma shape and SER.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain shape is a factor affecting the stigma exsertion rate in rice

et al. 2023

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Stigma exsertion rate (SER) is an index of outcrossing ability in rice and is a key trait of male sterile lines (MSLs) in hybrid rice. In this study, it was found that the maintainer lines carrying gs3 and gs3/gw8 showed higher SER. Single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) carrying gs3, gw5, GW7 or gw8 genes for grain shape and gene pyramiding lines were used to reveal the relationship between grain shape and SER. The results showed that the grain shape regulatory genes had pleiotropic effects on SER. The SERs were affected by grain shapes including grain length, grain width and the ratio of length to width (RLW) not only in low SER background, but also in high SER background. The coefficients of determination (R2) between grain length and SER, grain width and SER, and grain RLW and SER were 0.78, 0.72, and 0.91 respectively. The grain RLW was the most important parameter affecting SER, and a larger grain RLW was beneficial to stigma exsertion. The pyramiding line PL-gs3/GW7/gw8 showed the largest grain RLW and the highest SER, which will be a fine breeding resource. Further research showed that the grain shape regulatory genes had pleiotropic effects on stigma shape, although the R2 values between grain shape and stigma shape, and stigma shape and SER were lower. Our results demonstrate that grain shape is a factor affecting SER in rice, in part by affecting stigma shape. This finding will be helpful for breeding MSLs with high SER in hybrid rice.

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Targeted manipulation of grain shape genes effectively improves outcrossing rate and hybrid seed production in rice

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Stigma and glume characteristics synergistically determine the stigma exsertion rate in thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile wheat

Stigma and glume characteristics synergistically determine the stigma exsertion rate in thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile wheat

CcNAC6 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis in Sudan Grass (Sorghum sudanense S.)

Grain shape is a factor affecting the stigma exsertion rate in rice

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