“…Lundberg and associates compared the cell engraftment of multiple cell lines (human MSC, human NPC, rat NPC) when given intra-arterially versus intravenously and found significantly higher rates of engraftment with IA administration of hMSC, but no evidence of human NPC migration to the site of injury via either administration method. The authors in this study determined that this was likely due to the lack of VCAM-1 to CD49d interaction in the latter cell population (Lundberg et al, 2012). Rodent stroke models have also been able to demonstrate higher rates of engraftment by IA administration of BM-MNC (Kamiya et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2013), MSC (Byun et al, 2013) and with NSC (Pendharkar et al, 2010) when compared to IV.…”