Targeted Intermetallic Nanocatalysts for Sustainable Biomass and CO₂ Valorization

Abstract

Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with well-defined atomic arrangements, stoichiometries, and controlled crystal structures are important for the green manufacturing of chemicals and the efficient conversion and utilization of energy. Different from disordered alloy catalysts, synthesizing IMCs and tightly controlling their size and shape is a challenge. This review lists and compares the methods used in recent years to regulate the size and shape of IMCs, including thermal annealing, coreduction, and microwave-assisted polyol methods. Then, the characterization techniques for IMCs are comprehensively summarized. The feasibility of intermetallic nanocatalysts for upgrading biomass and CO 2 valorization is highlighted by examples, with an emphasis on their fascinating catalytic performance relative to disordered alloy catalysts. In addition, the unique electronic, geometric, and ordering effects of IMCs are highlighted to provide a basis for understanding the structure−activity relationship of intermetallic nanocatalysts. Finally, some opportunities and challenges are presented for this attractive catalyst in the hope of providing references and guidance for the future development of efficient intermetallic nanocatalysts and the preparation of high-value chemicals.

Recent advances in nanoscale engineering of Pd-based electrocatalysts for selective CO2 electroreduction to formic acid/formate

“…Even though they have the same stoichiometry as random alloys, the physico-chemical properties of intermetallic compounds are significantly distinct. Profiting from the features, intermetallic compounds exhibit unique properties and great potential in various applications [91,126,127] . Consequently, it is particularly appealing for ECO 2 RR to construct robust Pd-based multimetallic NCs through phase engineering.…”

Nanomagnetic tetraaza (N4 donor) macrocyclic Schiff base complex of copper(ii): synthesis, characterizations, and its catalytic application in Click reactions

“…25,26 When one aims at changing the size, spatial organization and electronic conguration, nanocatalysts are alluring alternatives to the conventional catalyst. 25,[27][28][29] Notably, they have a high surface-to-volume ratio and improved catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. 30,31 The ltration or centrifugation processes used to separate and recover nanocatalysts are difficult and ineffective, which is made worse by the nanoscale size of the catalyst particles, endangering their viability and economics.…”

Recent Developments in Direct C–H Functionalization of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-Ones via Heterogeneous Catalysis Reactions

“…The role and application of biocatalysts in cancer drug discovery has recently been reviewed as well [ 16 ]. Li and colleagues recently summarised targeted intermetallic nanocatalysts for sustainable biomass and CO 2 value addition [ 17 ]. Javed and colleagues reported salt-assisted gas–liquid interfacial fluorine doping of metal-free electrocatalysts [ 18 ].…”