Targeted drug delivery to ischemic heart with use of nanoparticulate carriers

Abstract

PurposeClinical outcome in patients with ischemic heart disease can be significantly improved with the implementation of targeted drug delivery into the ischemic myocardium. The purpose of this paper is to review the data of recent literature and present original findings relevant to the problem of therapeutic heart targeting with use of nanoparticles.Design/methodology/approachFor literature review, a public‐domain database (Medline) was searched using a web‐based search engine (PubMed) and the following key words: “nanoparticles”, “nanocarriers”, and “targeted drug delivery”. Experimental approaches included fabrication of carbon and silica nanoparticles, their characterization and surface modification. The acute hemodynamic effects of nanoparticle formulation as well as nanoparticle biodistribution were studied on male Wistar rats.FindingsCarbon and silica nanoparticles are biocompatible materials that can be used as carriers for heart‐targeted drug delivery. Concepts of passive and active targeting can be applied to the development of targeted drug delivery to the ischemic myocardial cells.Originality/valueThe present paper is believed to be the first on ligand‐directed targeted drug delivery into the damaged myocardium.

Drug‐Loaded Multifunctional Nanoparticles Targeted to the Endocardial Layer of the Injured Heart Modulate Hypertrophic Signaling

“…Previous examples to treat myocardial ischemia include transfection of water‐soluble lipopolymer containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and polyethyleneimine nanoparticle‐ based delivery of hypoxia‐regulated VEGF transgene combined with skeletal myoblasts to rabbit myocardium, however, without targeting and with the disadvantage of using a toxic polymeric carrier. Furthermore, Galagudza et al explored the potential of silica nanoparticles for passive targeted adenosine delivery to the ischemic cardiac tissue in rats, and reported their biodistribution, lack of acute toxicity, and biodegradation, but nonetheless, only for passive delivery to the ischemic cardiac tissue . Moreover, liposomes have also been employed, with this aim, for both passive and active targeting to the ischemic myocardium .…”

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