Targeted deposition of a conducting polymer based on bipolar electrochemistry

Kubo, Takashi; Sato, Keisuke; Kondo, Mizuki; Shimomura, Masato

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2014.10.045

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…BPE also offers opportunities in materials science, because such an approach allows the direct electrochemical addressing of conducting objects in a wireless manner. The site‐selective deposition of various types of layers at one extremity of a bipolar electrode has been exemplified with the reduction of metal salts, the electrogeneration of organic polymers, the electrografting of molecular layers, and the deposition of inorganic species . There are also several reports dealing with electroless deposition in bipolar cells …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes

et al. 2015

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The preparation of surface gradients is a hot topic in contemporary research. Among various physical chemistry approaches, bipolar electrochemistry allows the control of such gradients through the interfacial polarization between a conducting substrate and an electrolyte solution. Here, we report the straightforward, single‐step generation of metal composition gradients on cylindrical carbon fibers. The screening of different metal deposit morphologies, which evolve gradually along a bipolar electrode, is demonstrated with monometallic layers as well as a bimetallic composite layer based on copper and nickel.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes

et al. 2015

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“…I e I app [12] Bipolar current efficiency calculations for the three deposits in Figure 2 are 93.08%, 84.57%, and 88.85% for (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively, putting quantitative numbers to the qualitative discussion above. As expected, the condition of highest current and lowest fly-height is the most efficient bipolar condition.…”

Section: Bc E =mentioning

confidence: 75%

Localized Electrodeposition and Patterning Using Bipolar Electrochemistry

Braun

Schwartz

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Microscopic, spatially controlled, and highly efficient bipolar electrochemistry can be performed on an electrically-floating macroscopic conductive substrate using a tool we call the Scanning Bipolar Cell (SBC). The operating principle for the SBC is that current follows the path of least resistance. A high ohmic potential drop can be generated in the electrolyte adjacent to the conductive substrate by using a moderate conductivity electrolyte with a microjet cell geometry, inducing localized charge transfer on the substrate beneath the microjet. The equal and opposite redox chemistry necessary for sustained bipolar electrochemistry is spread over the macroscopic far-field of the floating conductive substrate. We combine experiments and finite element simulations to demonstrate this system using reversible copper redox chemistry. Bipolar electrochemical coupling to the surface can be highly efficient in the SBC and is governed by the balance of interfacial charge transfer and solution ohmic resistances, as characterized by the Wagner number of the system. Bipolar electrochemistry-spatially segregated, equal and opposite reduction and oxidation on an electrically-floating conductor-is a widely recognized phenomenon that is being reinvigorated as a useful tool for new kinds of electrochemical applications.1-11 The driving force for bipolar electrochemistry is the ohmic potential variation in solution that forms during the passage of current in an electrochemical cell. When there is an appreciable ohmic potential drop through solution, and a conductor is in that potential gradient, the path of least resistance for current flow can sometimes be through the conductor via bipolar electrochemistry.Electrodeposition processes are among the most common domains for this new breed of engineering-oriented bipolar electrochemistry applications. For example, copper interconnects can be grown between two electrically isolated copper posts without any direct electrical contact by placing them in a solution with high ohmic resistance.1,2 This generates a large electric field that creates sufficient voltage across each post to drive copper reduction and the growth of material between them (since it is bipolar, there is an equal but opposite oxidation also occurring). Similarly, one can also use the equal and opposite nature of bipolar electrochemistry to make Janus type conducting particles that are differentially decorated based on the induced bias across the dimensions of the particle.3 Bipolar electrochemistry that employs a reversible electrodeposition/etching chemistry can cause a free floating conductor of the active material to etch on one side and deposits an equal amount on the other side, resulting in a propagating chemical wave that moves in the direction of the solution potential gradient. 4 Applications for surface modification and electroanalytics have also recently been explored using bipolar electrochemistry. For example, bipolar electrochemistry induced by the solution potential gradient across a conductive subs...

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“…The bipolar electrochemical system, which has been principally clarified in the literatures 42 – 49 , consist of two stainless steel driving electrodes (1 × 3 cm 2 with 1 mm thickness) in a BP channel (1.2 × 3 cm) connected to the power supply (MASTECH DC Power Supply HY3005F-3) to provide the desired driving potential. The gold microfilm (1 × 2 cm 2 with 0.1 mm thickness) as BP electrode was placed between the driving electrodes in a N 2 -saturated solvent containing electrolyte.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BPE provides particular advantages compared to conventional electrochemistry such as simple operation, which include a direct current (DC) power supply, low cost, no need to direct electrical connection and many electrodes can be controlled simultaneously with a single DC power supply 46 , 47 . BPE has been recently developed for electropolymerization of pyrrole 44 and 3-methylthiophene 48 , 49 or metal NSs 50 . Herein, BPE is proposed for adjusting the Au microfilm surface to fabricate a cathode and anode materials, because this technique has showed a great potential for the development of nanostructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Enzymatic Glucose/O2 Biofuel Cell based on Poly-Thiophene Carboxylic Acid alongside Gold Nanostructures Substrates Derived through Bipolar Electrochemistry

Gholami

Navaee

Salimi

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) has been lately explored as a simple, reliable and novel electrochemical technique for the adjustment of various conductive substrates. Herein, BPE is performed to derive both of cathode and anode electrodes for the development of mediatorless/membraneless biofuel cell (BFC). On one hand, a preferable substrate for immobilization of bilirubin oxidase enzyme is prepared based on the electropolymerization of thiophene-3-carboxcylic acid (TCA) on an Au microfilm as a bipolar electrode. The resulted biocathode as novel bioelectrocatalyst offers a high electrocatalytic activity toward direct oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with onset potential and current density of 0.55 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and 867 μA cm−2, respectively. On the other hand, another analogous Au bipolar electrode is electroplated through BPE to derive Au nanostructures (AuNSs). This modified Au electrode is utilized as an anodic platform for immobilization of flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) enzyme aimed at electrocatalytic glucose oxidation. The prepared bioanode displays a current density of 2.7 mA cm−2 with onset potential of −0.03 V. Finally, the proposed bioanode and biocacthode in an assembled membraneless glucose/O2 BFC offers a power output of 146 μW cm−2 with open circuit voltage of 0.54 V. This novel BPE method provides disposable electrochemical platforms for design of novel sensors, biosensors or other devices.

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Targeted deposition of a conducting polymer based on bipolar electrochemistry

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Single‐Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes

Single‐Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes

Localized Electrodeposition and Patterning Using Bipolar Electrochemistry

Direct Enzymatic Glucose/O2 Biofuel Cell based on Poly-Thiophene Carboxylic Acid alongside Gold Nanostructures Substrates Derived through Bipolar Electrochemistry

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