Targeted delivery of paclitaxel drug using polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles for fibrosarcoma therapy: in vitro and in vivo studies

Abstract

Fibrosarcoma is a rare type of cancer that affects cells known as fibroblasts that are malignant, locally recurring, and spreading tumor in fibrous tissue. In this work, an iron plate immersed in an aqueous solution of double added deionized water, supplemented with potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4) was carried out by the pulsed laser ablation in liquid method (PLAIL). Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized using different laser wavelengths (1064, 532, and 266 nm) at a fluence of 28 J/cm2 with 100 shots of the iron plate to control the concentration, shape and size of the prepared high-stability SPIONs. The drug nanocarrier was synthesized by coating SPION with paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded chitosan (Cs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). This nanosystem was functionalized by receptors that target folate (FA). The physiochemical characteristics of SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA nanoparticles were evaluated and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. Cell internalization, cytotoxicity assay (MTT), apoptosis induction, and gene expression of SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA were estimated in fibrosarcoma cell lines, respectively. In vivo studies used BALB/c tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA exhibited suitable physical stability, spherical shape, desirable size, and charge. SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of cancer cells (P < 0.01). The results of the in vivo study showed that SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA significantly decreased tumor size compared to free PTX and control samples (P < 0.05), leading to longer survival, significantly increased splenocyte proliferation and IFN-γ level, and significantly decreased the level of IL-4. All of these findings indicated the potential of SPION@Cs-PTX-PEG-FA as an antitumor therapeutic agent.

Application of Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment: A Concise Review

“…The functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles with targeting ligands, antibodies, or peptides might enhance their selectivity towards cancer cell receptors or markers, facilitating targeted delivery of drug molecules (as doxorubicin and paclitaxel) [23,76] and short ribonucleotides (e.g., miRNAs, siRNAs) [132,133].…”

“…Magnetic nanoparticles have been adroitly harnessed in the domain of hyperthermia therapy, leveraging the application of alternating magnetic fields to selectively induce controlled hyperthermic effects within cancer cells. Clinical trials have been conducted to assess the feasibility and therapeutic potential of this methodology, particularly for distinct malignancies [22,23].…”

Functional roles of magnetic nanoparticles for the identification of metastatic lymph nodes in cancer patients

“…Commercial MNPs frequently possess an intrinsic negative charge [ 125 ]. To explain this phenomenon, Al-Obaidy and colleagues [ 126 ] evaluated the physiochemical characteristics of SPIONs in vitro and in vivo. They found that the negative zeta-potential charge of SPIONs effectively prevented the formation of aggregates, resulting in suitable polydispersity ratios.…”

A Data Mining Study of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Utilization in Drug Delivery Nanosystems

“…For instance, hydrophilic polymeric nanoparticles enhance drug solubility in aqueous environments, elevating bioavailability, facilitating intracellular drug delivery, and extending drug half‐lives. [ 15–17 ]…”

“…For instance, hydrophilic polymeric nanoparticles enhance drug solubility in aqueous environments, elevating bioavailability, facilitating intracellular drug delivery, and extending drug half-lives. [15][16][17] The dimensions of DDSs play a pivotal role in dictating their cellular uptake, with nanosystems within the range of 100-200 nm exhibiting optimal uptake rates. [18][19][20][21] Within this specific size interval, there is a propensity for macrophages, vital constituents of the immune system, to engulf larger nanoparticles.…”