Targeted Antioxidants in Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Emphasis on DNA Damage

Williamson, Josh; Davison, Gareth W.

doi:10.3390/antiox9111142

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 228 publications

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“…MTAs are indeed known for their activity against the activation of the mitochondrial damage because of their antioxidant and mitochondrial protective properties. In particular, MitoQ is characterized by high bioavailability, and several prior studies have demonstrated its neuroprotective potential [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MitoQ Is Able to Modulate Apoptosis and Inflammation

Piscianz

Tesser

Rimondi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Mitoquinone (MitoQ) is a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenger that is characterized by high bioavailability. Prior studies have demonstrated its neuroprotective potential. Indeed, the release of reactive oxygen species due to damage to mitochondrial components plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aimed to examine the impact of the inflammation platform activation on the neuronal cell line (DAOY) treated with specific inflammatory stimuli and whether MitoQ addition can modulate these deregulations. DAOY cells were pre-treated with MitoQ and then stimulated by a blockade of the cholesterol pathway, also called mevalonate pathway, using a statin, mimicking cholesterol deregulation, a common parameter present in some neurodegenerative and autoinflammatory diseases. To verify the role played by MitoQ, we examined the expression of genes involved in the inflammation mechanism and the mitochondrial activity at different time points. In this experimental design, MitoQ showed a protective effect against the blockade of the mevalonate pathway in a short period (12 h) but did not persist for a long time (24 and 48 h). The results obtained highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of MitoQ and open the question about its application as an effective adjuvant for the treatment of the autoinflammatory disease characterized by a cholesterol deregulation pathway that involves mitochondrial homeostasis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MitoQ Is Able to Modulate Apoptosis and Inflammation

Piscianz

Tesser

Rimondi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Aerobic exercise increases the efficiency of energy production systems and cardiorespiratory resistance. However, this exercise methodology performed at high intensities also increases the level of oxidative stress (Aslani et al, 2015), which can damage cellular DNA from various sources (Williamson and Davison, 2020). Oxidative stress plays a key role in obesity, and associated conditions such as dyslipidemia and hypertension, which are also risk factors for CVD (Marseglia et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive effects of garlic and lemon extract combined with aerobic exercise on blood metabolic parameters and liver enzymes

Torkamaneh¹,

Gené-Morales²,

Flández³

et al. 2021

Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2021 - Autumn Conferences of Sports Science

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise in combination with garlic and lemon on the lipid profile, metabolic parameters, and liver enzymes of obese male rats. Design: Sixty-four male Wistar rats were divided into eight equal groups consisting of 1) control following no treatment (n = 8); 2) hypercaloric fatty-food-based diet (n = 8); 3) aerobic exercise (AE, n = 8); 4) garlic intake (G, n = 8); 5) aerobic exercise with garlic intake (AEG, n = 8); 6) lemon intake (L, n = 8); 7) garlic and lemon (GL, n = 8); 8) garlic, lemon and aerobic exercise (GLAE, n = 8). After six weeks of intervention, blood samples were taken to obtain cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and glucose. C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine (Cr), urea and uric acid (UA) were also measured. A oneway ANOVA or the Kruskal Wallis tests for the non-normally distributed variables, with post-hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted to assess differences between groups. Results: All the intervention groups obtained significantly better values compared to the hypercaloric group, although being also fed with a hypercaloric diet. In certain parameters, the intervention groups obtained equal or even better results than the control healthy group. The combination of aerobic exercise with the intake of garlic and lemon showed slightly non-significant better results. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise combined with the intake of garlic and lemon juice may influence the lipid profile, liver enzymes, and other blood parameters associated with cardiovascular disease.

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“…These data suggest a greater loss of MAJ copy numbers after exercise within the heat (33 °C). Theoretically, these reduced copy numbers are based upon the instability of the MAJ because of its unprotected location within the plasmid during the replication processes brought on by the stress of exercise and temperature [ 9 , 29 ]. Consistent reductions in mtDNA copy number have been demonstrated after a bout of moderate or high intensity exercise [ 18 , 19 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MAJ region encodes for most of the proteins directly responsible for ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation [ 9 , 29 ] and thus may have profound bioenergetics implications. mtDNA reductions have been previously explained by an increased production of ROS with acute exercise (during and 4 h post-exercise) contributing to increased mtDNA damage [ 9 , 18 , 19 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acute Effects of Exercise and Temperature on Regional mtDNA

McGlynn

Schnitzler

Shute

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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A reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to genomic DNA (mtDNA:gDNA), has been linked with dysfunctional mitochondria. Exercise can acutely induce mtDNA damage manifested as a reduced copy number. However, the influence of a paired (exercise and temperature) intervention on regional mtDNA (MINor Arc and MAJor Arc) are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of exercise in cold (7 °C), room temperature (20 °C), and hot (33 °C) ambient temperatures, on regional mitochondrial copy number (MINcn and MAJcn). Thirty-four participants (24.4 ± 5.1 yrs, 87.1 ± 22.1 kg, 22.3 ± 8.5 %BF, and 3.20 ± 0.59 L·min−1 VO2peak) cycled for 1 h (261.1 ± 22.1 W) in either 7 °C, 20 °C, or 33 °C ambient conditions. Muscle biopsy samples were collected from the vastus lateralis to determine mtDNA regional copy numbers via RT-qPCR. mtDNA is sensitive to the stressors of exercise post-exercise (MIN fold change, −1.50 ± 0.11; MAJ fold change, −1.70 ± 0.12) and 4-h post-exercise (MIN fold change, −0.82 ± 0.13; MAJ fold change, −1.54 ± 0.11). The MAJ Arc seems to be more sensitive to heat, showing a temperature-trend (p = 0.056) for a reduced regional copy number ratio after exercise in the heat (fold change −2.81 ± 0.11; p = 0.019). These results expand upon our current knowledge of the influence of temperature and exercise on the acute remodeling of regional mtDNA.

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Targeted Antioxidants in Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Emphasis on DNA Damage

Cited by 21 publications

References 228 publications

MitoQ Is Able to Modulate Apoptosis and Inflammation

MitoQ Is Able to Modulate Apoptosis and Inflammation

Preventive effects of garlic and lemon extract combined with aerobic exercise on blood metabolic parameters and liver enzymes

The Acute Effects of Exercise and Temperature on Regional mtDNA

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