Target structures for cochlear infrared neural stimulation

Young, Hunter; Tan, Xiaodong; Xia, Nan; Richter, Claus Peter

doi:10.1117/1.nph.2.2.025002

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Mean radiant exposure required to evoke OCAPs was 18.9-12.2 mJ/ cm 2 . 18,19 The authors proposed that their results supported the notion of direct radiant interaction with neurons. Kallweit et al measured the pressure evoked by pulsed laser stimulating a water cylinder and the corresponding signal shapes of laser absorption in intracochlear optical stimulation of guinea pigs.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

In vivo auditory nerve stimulation with visible light

Guan

Yang

2017

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

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Background: Infrared laser stimulation has been proposed as an innovative method to elicit an auditory nerve response. Most studies have focused on using long-wavelength infrared (> 980 nm) pulsed lasers with high water absorption coe±cients. This paper sought to assess whether a shortwavelength laser (465 nm) with an absorption coe±cient as low as 10 À3 cm À1 would activate the auditory nerve and studied its potential mechanism. Method: Optical compound action potentials (OCAPs) were recorded when synchronous trigger laser pulses stimulate the cochlea before and after deafening, varying the pulse durations (from 800 s to 3600 s) and the amount of radiant energy (from 18.05 mJ/cm 2 to 107.91 mJ/cm 2 ). A thermal infrared imager was applied to monitor the temperature change of the guinea pig cochlea. Results: The results showed that pulsed laser stimulation at 465 nm could invoke OCAPs and had a similar waveform compared to the acoustical compound action potentials. The amplitude of OCAPs had a positive correlation with the increasing laser peak power, while the latency of OCAPs showed a negative correlation. The imager data showed that the temperature in the cochlea rose quickly by about 0.3 C right after stimulating the cochlea and decreased quickly back to the initial temperature as the stimulation ended. Conclusions: This paper demonstrates that 465-nm laser stimulation can successfully induce OCAPs outside the cochlea, and that the amplitude and latency of the invoked OCAPs are highly a®ected

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

In vivo auditory nerve stimulation with visible light

Guan

Yang

2017

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

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“…However, the arguments in favor of exclusive photoacoustic effects of INS in these deaf animals leave some questions open. Assuming that response to INS only comes from a mechanical stimulation of hair cells, the model would not explain why only localized stimulation at high frequencies is possible in partially deaf animals 53 , why that stimulation only occurs within the beam path of the radiation 10 , 26 , 54 , 55 and why that laser responses cannot be masked with acoustic stimuli in animals with remaining hearing but elevated thresholds 56 , 57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Neural Activity in Congenitally Deaf Mice Induced by Infrared Neural Stimulation

Tan

Jahan

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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To determine whether responses during infrared neural stimulation (INS) result from the direct interaction with spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), we tested three genetically modified deaf mouse models: Atoh1-cre; Atoh1 f/f (Atoh1 conditional knockout, CKO), Atoh1-cre; Atoh1 f/kiNeurog1 (Neurog1 knockin, KI), and the Vglut3 knockout (Vglut3 −/−) mice. All animals were exposed to tone bursts and clicks up to 107 dB (re 20 µPa) and to INS, delivered with a 200 µm optical fiber. The wavelength (λ) was 1860 nm, the radiant energy (Q) 0-800 µJ/pulse, and the pulse width (PW) 100–500 µs. No auditory responses to acoustic stimuli could be evoked in any of these animals. INS could not evoke auditory brainstem responses in Atoh1 CKO mice but could in Neurog1 KI and Vglut3 −/− mice. X-ray micro-computed tomography of the cochleae showed that responses correlated with the presence of SGNs and hair cells. Results in Neurog1 KI mice do not support a mechanical stimulation through the vibration of the basilar membrane, but cannot rule out the direct activation of the inner hair cells. Results in Vglut3 −/− mice, which have no synaptic transmission between inner hair cells and SGNs, suggested that hair cells are not required.

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“…The practical application of this technique has been evaluated using various nervous systems, including the sciatic nerve [8], visual cortex [9], and somatosensory cortex [10]. Cochlear implants are one of the most extensively investigated applications of infrared stimulation [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Izzo and colleagues [21] reported that the auditory nerve can be activated by infrared laser irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory cortical activity elicited by infrared laser irradiation from the outer ear in Mongolian gerbils

et al. 2020

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Infrared neural stimulation has been studied for its potential to replace an electrical stimulation of a cochlear implant. No studies, however, revealed how the technic reliably evoke auditory cortical activities. This research investigated the effects of cochlear laser stimulation from the outer ear on auditory cortex using brain imaging of activity-dependent changes in mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence signal. An optic fiber was inserted into the gerbil's ear canal to stimulate the lateral side of the cochlea with an infrared laser. Laser stimulation was found to activate the identified primary auditory cortex. In addition, the temporal profile of the laser-evoked responses was comparable to that of the auditory responses. Our results indicate that infrared laser irradiation from the outer ear has the capacity to evoke, and possibly manipulate, the neural activities of the auditory cortex and may substitute for the present cochlear implants in future.

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Target structures for cochlear infrared neural stimulation

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

In vivo auditory nerve stimulation with visible light

In vivo auditory nerve stimulation with visible light

Auditory Neural Activity in Congenitally Deaf Mice Induced by Infrared Neural Stimulation

Auditory cortical activity elicited by infrared laser irradiation from the outer ear in Mongolian gerbils

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