Target-site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms confer multiple resistance to glyphosate and 2,4-D in Carduus acanthoides

Palma-Bautista, Candelario; Belluccini, Pablo; Vázquez-García, José G.; Cruz, Ricardo Alcántara de la; Barro, Francisco; Portugal, João

doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105371

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Weed species common in rangelands, roadsides, and other non-agricultural situations are beginning to invade annual and perennial crops, coexisting with ruderal species. Species of the genus Centaruea were characterized as being tolerant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in wheat fields from the central-southern region of Spain [9], and Carduus acanthoides was tolerant to 2,4-D in transgenic corn and soybean production fields in Cordoba, Argentina [27]. This is a worrying phenomenon because F. pyramidata is a species that is invading more and more olive groves in southern Spain (De Prado, personal observation), and it could become a weed that, in combination with herbicide-resistant weeds, can make it difficult to control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ALS inhibitors are a fundamental tool for Spanish olive growers to control weeds; however, in olive groves infested with F. pyramidata, its use is not recommended, since this species presented cross-tolerance to most of the ALS-inhibiting herbicides. In addition, a low frequency of multiple tolerance to 2,4-D and fluroxypyr was detected; therefore, synthetic auxins cannot be relied on to control long-term tolerant weeds, as observed in C. acanthoides from Argentina [27]. In contrast, there is still a great diversity of herbicides with different mechanisms of action that present excellent levels of control of F. pyramidata, including some mixtures of ALS inhibitors and synthetic auxins with glyphosate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filago pyramidata Tolerant to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides: A New Invasive Weed in Olive Groves of Southern Spain

et al. 2023

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Weeds that usually grow in non-agricultural areas have become increasingly common invading perennial crops. Species of the genus Filago, in addition to invading Spanish olive groves, have developed certain levels of natural tolerance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicide flazasulfuron. The objective of this study was to determine the level and the mechanism involved in the tolerance to flazasulfuron in Filago pyramidata L., which occurs in olive groves of southern Spain, as well as to identify possible cross- or multiple-tolerances by evaluating alternative herbicides for its control. A population resistant (R) to flazasulfuron and a susceptible (S) one of Conyza canadensis were used as references. The accessions of F. pyramidata presented LD50 values (from 72 to 81 g active ingredient (ai) ha−1) higher than the field dose of flazasulfuron (50 g ai ha−1), being 11–12.5 times more tolerant than the S population of C. canadensis, but less than half the R population (170 g ai ha−1). Enzymatically, F. pyramidata was as sensitive to flazasulfuron (I50 = 17.3 μM) as the S population of C. canadensis. Filago pyramidata plants treated with flazasulfuron, combined with 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, had a growth reduction of up to 85%, revealing the participation of glutathione-S-transferases in herbicide metabolism. Filago pyramidata presented cross-tolerance to the different chemical groups of ALS inhibitors, except triazolinones (florasulam). Synthetic auxins (2,4-D and fluroxypyr) presented good control, but some individuals survived (low multiple resistance). Cellulose synthesis, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, photosystem I, and photosystem II inhibitor herbicides, applied in PRE or POST-emergence, presented excellent levels of control of F. pyramidata. These results confirmed the natural tolerance of F. pyramidata to flazasulfuron and cross-tolerance to most ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The mechanism involved was enhanced metabolism mediated by glutathione-S-transferases, which also conferred low multiple tolerance to synthetic auxins. Even so, herbicides with other mechanisms of action still offer excellent levels of control of F. pyramidata.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filago pyramidata Tolerant to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides: A New Invasive Weed in Olive Groves of Southern Spain

et al. 2023

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“…Many of the plant 2,4-D resistance mechanisms described in the literature are non-target sites (NTSR). These include rapid necrosis [24], reduced 2,4-D uptake [25], reduced 2,4-D translocation [26,27], and increased 2,4-D metabolism [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. A review of herbicide resistance in Lolium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Gene Expression following 2,4-D Treatment in Two Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Populations with Differential Tolerance to the Herbicide

Araujo,

Barrett,

Dinkins

2024

Agronomy

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Incorporation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) into grass pastures can reduce the need for nitrogen fertilizer applications and increase the nutritional value of the forage. However, red clover cultivars available for Kentucky producers are highly susceptible to herbicides, such as 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid), used for pasture broadleaf weed control. To overcome this problem, ‘UK2014’ red clover was selected for increased tolerance to 2,4-D. We employed a transcriptome analysis approach to compare the gene expression response following 2,4-D treatment of ‘UK2014’ to that of ‘Kenland’, a 2,4-D sensitive red clover and one of the parents of ‘UK2014’. The objectives were to first determine if the increased 2,4-D tolerance in ‘UK2014’ is reflected in a change of transcription response and/or a quicker recovery of a transcriptional response following 2,4-D treatment, and second, to identify genes, whether constitutively expressed or induced by 2,4-D, which could be the basis for the increased 2,4-D tolerance. Leaf tissue from the two red clovers grown in the field was collected at 4, 24, and 72 h after 2,4-D (1.12 kg 2,4-amine a.e. ha−1) treatment from both untreated and treated plants. Global gene expression was determined with reads from Illumina Hiseq 2500 mapped against the red clover draft genome, Tpv2.1 (GenBank Accession GCA_900079335.1). Genes that displayed differential expression (DEGs) following 2,4-D treatment were selected for further analysis. The number of DEGs was higher for ‘Kenland’ than for ‘UK2014’, suggesting that a lower transcriptional response corresponds with the higher 2,4-D tolerance in the ‘UK2014’ line. Similarly, gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that expression of photosynthesis-related genes was less affected by 2,4-D in the ‘UK2014’ line than ‘Kenland’. Although we were not able to identify any specific genes that are the basis for the increased 2,4-D tolerance of ‘UK2014’, we concluded that the increased 2,4-D tolerance of ‘UK2014’ correlates with a decreased transcription response to 2,4-D. Additionally, expression of several cytochrome P450 genes that had different isoforms between ‘UK2014’ and ‘Kenland’ increased significantly in both following 2,4-D treatment, one or more of these P450s could be mediators of 2,4-D metabolism and tolerance in red clover.

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Metabolism of 2,4‐D in plants: comparative analysis of metabolic detoxification pathways in tolerant crops and resistant weeds

Torra,

Alcántara‐de la Cruz,

de Figueiredo

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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The commercialization of 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) latifolicide in 1945 marked the beginning of the selective herbicide market, with this active ingredient playing a pivotal role among commercial herbicides due to the natural tolerance of monocots compared with dicots. Due to its intricate mode of action, involving interactions within endogenous auxin signaling networks, 2,4‐D was initially considered a low‐risk herbicide to evolve weed resistance. However, the intensification of 2,4‐D use has contributed to the emergence of 2,4‐D‐resistant broadleaf weeds, challenging earlier beliefs. This review explores 2,4‐D tolerance in crops and evolved resistance in weeds, emphasizing an in‐depth understanding of 2,4‐D metabolic detoxification. Nine confirmed 2,4‐D‐resistant weed species, driven by rapid metabolism, highlight cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in Phase I and glycosyltransferases in Phase II as key enzymes. Resistance to 2,4‐D may also involve impaired translocation associated with mutations in auxin/indole‐3‐acetic acid (Aux/IAA) co‐receptor genes. Moreover, temperature variations affect 2,4‐D efficacy, with high temperatures increasing herbicide metabolism rates and reducing weed control, while drought stress did not affect 2,4‐D efficacy. Research on 2,4‐D resistance has primarily focused on non‐target‐site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms, including 2,4‐D metabolic detoxification, with limited exploration of the inheritance and genetic basis underlying these traits. Resistance to 2,4‐D in weeds is typically governed by a single gene, either dominant or incompletely dominant, raising questions about gain‐of‐function or loss‐of‐function mutations that confer resistance. Future research should unravel the physiological and molecular‐genetic basis of 2,4‐D NTSR, exploring potential cross‐resistance patterns and assessing fitness costs that may affect future evolution of auxin‐resistant weeds. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Target-site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms confer multiple resistance to glyphosate and 2,4-D in Carduus acanthoides

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Filago pyramidata Tolerant to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides: A New Invasive Weed in Olive Groves of Southern Spain

Filago pyramidata Tolerant to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides: A New Invasive Weed in Olive Groves of Southern Spain

Comparative Gene Expression following 2,4-D Treatment in Two Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Populations with Differential Tolerance to the Herbicide

Metabolism of 2,4‐D in plants: comparative analysis of metabolic detoxification pathways in tolerant crops and resistant weeds

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