Target repositioning optimization in prostate cancer: is intensity-modulated radiotherapy under stereotactic conditions feasible?

Hypofractionated Boost to the Dominant Tumor Region With Intensity Modulated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Sequential Dose Escalation Pilot Study

“…A report on the first 32 patients treated with this technique showed a high level of reproducibility for 22 patients under optimal rectal balloon repositioning conditions with organ central mass displacements within AE3 mm (27). In the remaining 10 patients, however, a systematic error of rectal balloon repositioning was detected: air leakage or suboptimal inflation of > 20 ml in 7 patients, and suboptimal rectal cleaning with >8-mm probe shifts in 3 patients.…”

“…Before each treatment session, the markers were placed back on the patient. Their spatial arrangement was detected by a pair of infrared cameras mounted to the treatment room's ceiling to reproduce the same coordinates when repositioning the patients for daily treatment (26,27).…”

Seminal vesicle interfraction displacement and margins in image guided radiotherapy for prostate cancer

“…Therefore, patient education and monitoring of bladder and rectal parameters are encouraged to detect both random and particularly systematic movements. Systematic and random errors might also be reduced by the use of an endorectal balloon prior to each treatment to provide constant rectal volume [12]. …”

Changes in rectal volume and prostate localization due to placement of a rectum-emptying tube

“…Miralbell et al reported that one-third of the patients in their study experienced positioning errors of the rectal balloon of >8 mm, and these patients showed greater uncertainties in localization than those with appropriate rectal balloon positioning. 29 A RET with a unique shape that mimics the rectal cavity and anorectal fl exure is easily placed in the assigned position. During the early stage of our study, two patients experienced inadequate positioning of the RET.…”