“…The FT-IR spectra of PANI in the PANI/CF-210 catalyst illustrated typical absorption bands at 825 cm −1 ascribed to aromatic ring and out-of-plane deformation vibrations, 1146 cm −1 to the CN stretching vibrations, 1169 cm −1 to the C–H structural vibrations, 1304 cm −1 to the C–N stretching vibrations, 1500 cm −1 to the benzene ring stretching vibrations and 1591 cm −1 to the quinone ring stretching vibrations, which were characteristic absorption bands associated with PANI. 33–35 This indicated the successful modification of PANI on the surface of CF. The high-resolution XPS spectra of Cu 2p, N 1s, and C 1s are shown in Fig.…”