Target Localization and Tracking in Noncoherent Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radar Systems

Abstract

For a non-coherent MIMO radar system, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the target location and velocity, as well as the corresponding CRLB matrix, is derived. MIMO radar's potential in localization and tracking performance is demonstrated by adopting simple Gaussian pulse waveforms.Due to the short duration of the Gaussian pulses, a very high localization performance can be achieved, even when the matched filter ignores the Doppler effect by matching to zero Doppler shift. This leads to significantly reduced complexities for the matched filter and the MLE. Further, two interactive signal processing and tracking algorithms, based on the Kalman filter and the particle filter respectively, are proposed for non-coherent MIMO radar target tracking. For a system with a large number of transmit/receive elements and a high SNR value, the Kalman filter (KF) is a good choice; while for a system with a small number of elements and a low SNR value, the particle filter outperforms the KF significantly. In both methods, the tracker provides predictive information regarding the target location, so that the matched filter can match to the most probable target locations, reducing the complexity of the matched filter and improving the tracking performance. Since tracking is performed without detection, the presented approach can be deemed as a track-before-detect approach. It is demonstrated through simulations that the non-coherent MIMO radar provides significant tracking performance improvement over a monostatic phased array radar with high range and azimuth resolutions. Further, the effects of coherent integration of pulses are investigated for both the phased array radar and a hybrid MIMO radar, where only the pulses transmitted and received by co-located transceivers are coherently integrated and the other pulses are combined non-coherently. It is shown that the hybrid MIMO radar achieves significant

Multisource Spatiotemporal Tracking Using Sparse Large Aperture Arrays

“…Note that this is distinctly different to the active tracking ( [17], [18], [19], [20]) or active localisation (e.g. [21]) approaches discussed extensively for example in the "radar" literature.…”

“…MIMO radar is also an "active" echo tracking system where a number of Tx-antennas transmit independent but known signals and the Rx-antennas receive the various echoes . For example, in [18], Bayesian estimators (including Kalman and "particle" filters) are proposed for tracking in MIMO radar. Note that both [17] and [18] use underlying statistical models that are different from the array processing modelling proposed in this paper.…”

“…For example, in [18], Bayesian estimators (including Kalman and "particle" filters) are proposed for tracking in MIMO radar. Note that both [17] and [18] use underlying statistical models that are different from the array processing modelling proposed in this paper. Furthermore, in [22] MIMO radar that employs multiple, spatially distributed transmitters and receivers is presented.…”

Novel Power Control Scheme for Target Tracking in Radar Network with Passive Cooperation

“…In addition to aforementioned, considerable research has been conducted relevant to the potential use of radar networks for achieving systems performance improvement correlated to target detection [3][4][5][6][7], target localization [8], [9], target tracking [10][11][12][13], waveform design [14][15][16], sensor selection [17], and information extraction.…”

Array of sensors: A spatiotemporal-state-space model for target trajectory tracking

“…In this paper, in the framework of a state space model, a solution to track multiple mobile sources is presented using a large aperture array of passive sensors with known array geometry connected with fibre, wireline or wireless links. Note that this is distinctly different from the active tracking ( [11], [12], [13], [14]) or active localisation (e.g. [15], [16]) approaches discussed extensively for example in the "radar" literature.…”