Target Detection Coverage Algorithm Based on 3D-Voronoi Partition for Three-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

The detection of target events is an important research area in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In recent years, many researchers have discussed the problem of WSN target coverage in a two-dimensional (2D) coordinate system. However, the target detection problem in a 3D coordinate system has not been investigated extensively, and it is difficult to improve the network coverage ratio while ensuring reliable performance of WSN. In addition, sensor nodes that are initially deployed randomly cannot achieve accurate target coverage in practice. Moreover, it is necessary to consider the energy consumption factor owing to the limited energy of the sensor node itself. Hence, with the objective of addressing the target event coverage problem of WSNs in 3D space applications, this paper proposes a target detection coverage algorithm based on 3D-Voronoi partitioning for WSNs (3D-VPCA) in order to ensure reliable performance of the entire network. First, we extend Voronoi division based on the 2D plane, which allows 3D-Voronoi partitioning of sensor nodes in 3D regions. Then, it is optimized according to the 3D-Voronoi neighbouring node partitioning characteristics and combined with the improved algorithm. Next, we set the priority coverage mechanism and introduce the correlation force between the target point and the sensor node in the algorithm, so that the sensor node can move to the target position for accurate coverage. Finally, we carry out related simulation experiments to evaluate the performance and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the coverage performance of the network while ensuring a high overall coverage ratio.

Dynamic Adjustment Optimisation Algorithm in 3D Directional Sensor Networks Based on Spherical Sector Coverage Models

“…Therefore, based on the typical literature [14,25], this paper improves and extends the Voronoi method, making it suitable for 3D DSNs target coverage. In this paper, we propose a dynamic adjustment optimisation algorithm for 3D DSNs based on a spherical sector coverage model.…”

“…In the early research of two dimensional DSN coverage, nodes are randomly distributed in the plane and divided into the 2D Voronoi method. As shown in Figure 5, given a set of sensor nodes s i = fs 1 , s 2 ,⋯,s n g, the bounded plane is divided into polygonal cells K i = fK 1 , K 2 ,⋯,K n g, such that each cell K i contains exactly one of the sensor nodes s i , where s i is called the K i -divided generation node [14,30]. Furthermore, according to the partitioning property of the Voronoi diagram, the distance Dðs i , TÞ from any point T in cell K i to s i is shorter than the distance Dðs j , TÞ between the point T and the neighbour nodes of s i .…”

“…After reviewing the related 2D Voronoi research in the previous section, we extend it to divide three-dimensional volumes. The volume is divided into polyhedral Voronoi units called V-body units; each is an irregular, multifaceted, closed, convex body according to the literature [14]. Meanwhile, each unit V i ∈ fV 1 , V 2 ,⋯,V n g contains a unique node s i .…”

“…The concept of a virtual force first came from physics; that is, when the distance between two atoms is too small, they are separated by the repulsion between them. When the distance between two atoms is too large, gravity is generated, bringing them closer to each other [14,32]. In this article, we need to redesign an improved 3D-VFA to solve the following problems:…”

“…(i) We are the first to propose a spherical sector sensing model for 3D DSNs that quantifies the rotation angle in combination with using a 3D Voronoi method [14] to divide space using the sensors' positions (ii) We design a synergistic priority coverage mechanism to reduce the moving distance of nodes, thereby reducing excessive energy consumption while guaranteeing a high coverage ratio for the sensor network (iii) We optimise the traditional virtual force algorithm to suit practical conditions, and we perform a full theoretical analysis and experimental comparative analysis of the algorithm proposed in this paper to verify its validity and accuracy…”