Target Complaints as Criteria of Improvement

Battle, Carolyn C.; Imber, Stanley D.; Hoehn‐Saric, Rudolf; Stone, Anthony R.; Nash, Earl R.; Frank, Jerome D.

doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1966.20.1.184

Cited by 450 publications

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“…The Target Complaints (TC) measure (Battle, et al, 1966), recommended in Waskow & Parloff (1975) as a core battery instrument for use in outcome research, consists of five-point scales on which the client is asked to rate the amount of change on up to three different complaints selected by the client. The scales range from ".worse" through "a little better" to "a lot better."…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resolving decisional conflict by Gestalt two-chair dialogue: Relating process to outcome.

Greenberg¹,

Webster²

1982

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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Thirty-one clients completed a six-week program using Gestalt two-chair dialogue to work on intrapsychic conflict related to the making of a decision. The clients were classified as resolvers or nonresolvers based on a pattern of in-session process indicators. The resolvers were identified as clients who had manifested three components of a proposed model of conflict resolution:. the expression of criticism by one part of the personality, the expression of feeling and wants by another, and the softening in attitude of the "critic." These attributes were measured in terms of voice quality, depth of experience, and structural analysis of social behavior. Resolvers were found to be significantly less undecided and less anxious after treatment; they also reported greater improvement on target complaints and behavior change. In addition, after the session in which the "critic" softened, resolvers reported greater conflict resolution, less discomfort, greater mood change, and greater goal attainment than nonresolvers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scales range from ".worse" through "a little better" to "a lot better." The validity of this measure has been shown by its high correlations with four other outcome measures while pre-and postsession severity and content ratings have been shown to be highly reliable (Battle et al, 1966). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving decisional conflict by Gestalt two-chair dialogue: Relating process to outcome.

Greenberg¹,

Webster²

1982

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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“…Relationship Scale (Hill & Kellems, 2002) and Session Evaluation Scale (Hill & Kellems, 2002) used 5-point scales (5 = high). Target Problem (modified from Battle et al, 1966, identified by client after session) used a 13-point scale (1 = worst possible functioning, 13 = best possible functioning). a Medium ES higher than sample.…”

Section: Appendix Table 1 Scores For the Three Cases Compared With Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case studies of the attainment of insight in dream sessions: replication and extension

Knox

Hill

Hess

et al. 2008

Psychotherapy Research

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Abstract:To replicate and extend the Hill, case study of a client who attained insight in one session of dream work, the authors examined two additional single-session cases: one in which a client gained insight and another in which a client did not. The observations across all three cases suggest that the two clients who acquired insight had positive attitudes toward dreams; were motivated and involved in session; and were NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION; this is the author's final, peer-reviewed manuscript. The published version may be accessed by following the link in the citation at the bottom of the page.Psychotherapy Research, Vol. 18, No. 2 (March 2008): pg. 200-215. DOI. This article is © Taylor & Francis (Routledge) and permission has been granted for this version to appear in e-Publications@Marquette. Taylor & Francis (Routledge) does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Taylor & Francis (Routledge).2 nonresistant, trusting, and affectively present but not overwhelmed. The client who did not gain insight questioned the value of dreams and was resistant, untrusting, and emotionally overwhelmed. Therapist adherence and competence using the dream model, ability to manage counter-transference, and effective use of probes for insight distinguished the therapists whose clients gained insight from the therapist whose client did not.According to Frank and Frank (1991), the human need to make sense of events─to achieve insight─is as fundamental as the need for food and water. This need may be especially true for therapy clients, many of whom seek insight, which can be defined as follows: A client's expressing an understanding of something about him/herself and articulating patterns or reasons for behaviors, thoughts, or feelings; insight usually involves an ''aha'' experience in which the client perceives self or world in a new way; in addition, with insight the client takes appropriate responsibility rather than blaming others, using ''shoulds'' imposed from the outside world, or rationalizing. (Hill et al., 1992, pp. 548-549) Insight is, in fact, central to many approaches to psychotherapy. Psychoanalytically and psychodynamically oriented therapists perhaps most obviously (see Messer & McWilliams, 2006) consider insight a key component of their work, but insight is important in experiential (Pascual-Leone & Greenberg, 2006) and cognitive-behavioral (Holtforth et al., 2006) orientations as well. Regardless of theoretical orientation, then, insight likely plays a vital role in psychotherapy, and its acquisition may be a motivation for clients entering psychotherapy. Although research suggests that clients do develop insight, both during and as a result of therapy, there is little consistent evidence regarding how insight is actually achieved . Thus, a primary purpose of the current study was to learn more about how clients achieve insight.One therapeutic venue for examining insight attainment may be through dream work, bec...

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“…The respondents were asked to fill in an instrument, based on Target Complaints (Battle et al, 1966), originally a self-report instrument of…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, each item was rated as to what extent the hassle was troubling, on a scale forming a ladder of 13 boxes. 'Not at all' was printed beside the bottom box, 'a little' beside the fourth, 'pretty much' was written by the seventh, 'very much' by the tenth, and 'worst possible' by the thirteenth box, in line with Battle et al (1966). The same procedure was employed for uplifting and stimulating occasions or experiences in the women's everyday lives.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women's experiences of hassles and uplifts in their everyday patterns of occupations

Erlandsson

Eklund

2003

Occupation Therapy Intl

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Target Complaints as Criteria of Improvement

Cited by 450 publications

References 0 publications

Resolving decisional conflict by Gestalt two-chair dialogue: Relating process to outcome.

Resolving decisional conflict by Gestalt two-chair dialogue: Relating process to outcome.

Case studies of the attainment of insight in dream sessions: replication and extension

Women's experiences of hassles and uplifts in their everyday patterns of occupations

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