Target and Non-Target Approaches for Food Authenticity and Traceability

Self Cite

Milk is one of the most important nutritious foods, widely consumed worldwide, either in its natural form or via dairy products. Currently, several economic, health and ethical issues emphasize the need for a more frequent and rigorous quality control of dairy products and the importance of detecting adulterations in these products. For this reason, several conventional and advanced techniques have been proposed, aiming at detecting and quantifying eventual adulterations, preferentially in a rapid, cost-effective, easy to implement, sensitive and specific way. They have relied mostly on electrophoretic, chromatographic and immunoenzymatic techniques. More recently, mass spectrometry, spectroscopic methods (near infrared (NIR), mid infrared (MIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and front face fluorescence coupled to chemometrics), DNA analysis (real-time PCR, high-resolution melting analysis, next generation sequencing and droplet digital PCR) and biosensors have been advanced as innovative tools for dairy product authentication. Milk substitution from high-valued species with lower-cost bovine milk is one of the most frequent adulteration practices. Therefore, this review intends to describe the most relevant developments regarding the current and advanced analytical methodologies applied to species authentication of milk and dairy products.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Species Authentication in Dairy Products

Mafra

Honrado

Amaral

2022

Self Cite

“…Despite these advances, metabolomics is being utilized to investigate relative levels, as well as interactions between the metabolite content in a biological system in response to various factors, such as nutrition or interventions [ 3 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The application of metabolomics is being expanding, investigating important factors and biomarker compounds related to animal health, production, authenticity, and contributors to functional properties [ 3 , 21 ]. The interrelationships between cheese microbiota and their metabolites remain largely unstudied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Crosstalk” between Microbiota and Metabolomic Profile of Kefalograviera Cheese after the Innovative Feeding Strategy of Dairy Sheep by Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Tzora

Nelli

Kritikou

et al. 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two different feeding systems, a control or a flaxseed and lupin diet (experimental), for a sheep flock, on the microbiota and metabolome of Kefalograviera cheese samples produced by their milk. In particular, the microbiota present in Kefalograviera cheese samples was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was applied to investigate the chemical profile of the cheeses, considering the different feeding systems applied. The metagenomic profile was found to be altered by the experimental feeding system and significantly correlated to specific cheese metabolites, with Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae establishing positive and negative correlations with the discriminant metabolites. Overall, more than 120 features were annotated and identified with high confidence level across the samples while most of them belonged to specific chemical classes. Characteristic analytes detected in different concentrations in the experimental cheese samples including arabinose, dulcitol, hypoxanthine, itaconic acid, L-arginine, L-glutamine and succinic acid. Therefore, taken together, our results provide an extensive foodomics approach for Kefalograviera cheese samples from different feeding regimes, investigating the metabolomic and metagenomic biomarkers that could be used to foresee, improve, and control cheese ripening outcomes, demonstrating the quality of the experimental Kefalograviera cheese.

“…In order to verify the authenticity of food items and guide and assist law enforcement, official bodies are periodically requesting an updated list of analytical procedures. In this scope, many analytical techniques such as molecular techniques (DNA-based approaches) [ 8 ], isotopic approaches [ 9 ], ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) are used to control and to detect the food products’ adulteration [ 2 , 6 ]. A single analyte or approach may rarely be associated with overall quality compliance because of the fruit juice matrices’ complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Prunus Genus by Botanical Origin and Harvest Year Based on Carbohydrates Profile

Miricioiu

Ionete

Costinel

et al. 2022

The 1H-NMR carbohydrates profiling was used to discriminate fruits from Rosaceae family in terms of botanical origin and harvest year. The classification was possible by application of multivariate data analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and Pearson analysis. Prior, a heat map was created based on 1H-NMR signals which offered an overview of the content of individual carbohydrates in plum, apricot, cherry and sour cherry, highlighting the similarities. Although, the PCA results were almost satisfactory, based only on carbohydrates signals, the LDA reached 94.39% and 100% classification of fruits according to their botanical origin and growing season, respectively. Additionally, a potential association with the relevant climatic data was explored by applying the Pearson analysis. These findings are intended to create an efficient NMR-based solution capable of differentiating fruit juices based on their basic sugar profile.