Tardive Dyskinesia: Treatment with Aripiprazole

Abstract

Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by choreiform movements, or rhythmic abnormal involuntary movements of the face, mouth, tongue, trunk, and limbs. It is frequently associated with the use of neuroleptic medications. The choreiform movements are irreversible in some patients, even after the drug is withdrawn. Although no reliable treatment for tardive dyskinesia exists, atypical antipsychotics are associated with a significantly lower incidence of tardive dyskinesia than typical antipsychotics. Moreover, recent reports suggest that atypical antipsychotics may have a beneficial effect on tardive dyskinesia remission. Until recently, evidence for the effectiveness of aripiprazole on tardive dyskinesia has been mixed. Aripiprazole has a unique mechanism of action and has various effects in tardive dyskinesia. The drug acts as a partial D2 receptor agonist that can stabilize D2 up-regulation, and as a partial 5-HT1A receptor agonist and a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, and can increase the release of dopamine in the striatum.

A Case of Aripiprazole Induced Tardive Dyskinesia in a Neuroleptic-Naïve Patient with Two Years of Follow Up

“…Till now, aripiprazole has been regarded as a relatively safe agent when it comes to the risk of developing TD. In fact few have reported aripiprazole to be therapeutic for TD 3,4). However, by contrast, there is slowly increasing published data which associates aripiprazole with TD 5,6,7).…”

Tardive Dyskinesia Associated with Bupropion

“…If dyskinesia persists for longer than this time is called tardive dyskinesia 7). Yet, there is no effective and safety treatment and main treatment strategy is preventive approaches for tardive dyskinesia and it causes permanent disability, therefore tardive dyskinesia is important to early diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia in clinical practice 14,15)…”

Tardive Dyskinesia Revisited-A Clinical Management Priority Perspective: A Voyage into High Dose Buspirone Part B

“…Aripiprazole doesn't. (Buspirone acts on D1, D2, D3, D4) [152][153][154][155][156] F. Common option which helps diagnosis because it worsens the TD.…”