Tardive Dyskinesia Outcomes: Clinical and Pharmacologic Correlates of Remission and Persistence

Abstract

Rtl!ersible tardive dyskinesia (TO) outcomes have been rrported in long-term neuroleptic (NL)-treated patients. I" this study the course of TO outcomes was followed-up F 3 years in a population of 125 institutionalized schizophrenic patients (mean age 57.8 years) receiving continuous NL treatment. Tardive dyskinesia occurrence I1Ui severity were assessed by means of the Rockland Simpson Scale (RSS). The prevalence of TO rose from 39.2% at the first examination to 52.8% at last follow-up aamination; however, 28.6% of TO-affected patients rtCOVered and 30% improved. Significant risk factors for a persistent TO outcome result included age over 56 years, duration of illness over 30 years, and a total RSS score over 22. Cumulative NL exposure, over 3550 g of chloropromazine equivalents, was also a significant risk factor for TO. Results from this study confirm that there is the possibility of improvement and remission in an aged, long-term institutionalized population of TO patients. In this report we point out prognostic factors for positive outcome. INeuropsychopharmacology

Combined analysis of 635 patients confirms an age-related association of the serotonin 2A receptor gene with tardive dyskinesia and specificity for the non-orofacial subtype

“…Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores (Guy, 1976) were available the Jerusalem, Singapore and Toronto patients. Patients from the Milan centre were assessed by the RocklandSimpson Scale (Cavallaro et al, 1993) and patients from Vienna by the Tardive Dyskinesia Rating Scale (Simpson et al, 1979). Since the presence or absence of TD was based on a single evaluation, the TD diagnosis is at a probable level according to the RDC-TD (Schooler and Kane, 1982).…”

Pharmacogenetics of Tardive Dyskinesia Combined Analysis of 780 Patients Supports Association with Dopamine D3 Receptor Gene Ser9Gly Polymorphism

“…AIMS scores were available for patients supplied by the Bergen (Newcastle and Nithsdale samples), Bonn, Jerusalem, and Toronto centers. Patients from the Milan center were assessed for abnormal involuntary movement by the Rockland Simpson Scale (Cavallaro et al 1993), and patients from Vienna by the Tardive Dyskinesia Rating Scale (Simpson et al 1979). Twenty three patients from Vienna were not assessed for TD with a rating scale; the diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical examination.…”

Bilateral globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation in tardive dyskinesia: A case report

“…3 Dystonic movements also occur in TD, either alone or in combination with other dyskinesias, commonly with an axial distribution in most patients. 4 Recent studies suggest that high doses 5 and high cumulative dose 6 of neuroleptics are risk factors for TD. There is more controversy on whether the type of neuroleptics used contributes to the risk of developing TD.…”