Tardive Dyskinesia in Psychiatric Outpatients

Mukherjee, Sukdeb; Rosen, Aaron; Cárdenas, Carlos Manuel Jiménez; Varia, Virendra; Olarte, Silvia W.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290040064009

Cited by 58 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Women have a longer lifespan than men and therefore tend to be overrepresented in surveys of older patients (Yesavage et al 1982). Aging is accompanied by a tendency for developing more severe TD (Smith and Baldessarini 1980; Yassa et al 1986), and studies that failed to include older women in their samples reported an absence of severe TD (Gardos et al 1980; Mukherjee et al 1982). In our review, we found 20 studies in which women were older than men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the total number of studies reviewed, only 20 indicated the mean ages of both men and women (Demars 1966; Jones and Hunter 1969; Lehmann et al 1970; Kennedy et al 1971; Jus et al 1976; Asnis et al 1977; Simpson et al 1978; Smith et al 1978; Chouinard et al 1979, 1986; Smith et al 1979; Perenyi and Arato 1980; Rey et al 1981; Ananth and Yassa 1982; Mukherjee et al 1982; Yesavage et al 1982; Yassa et al 1983, 1988; Rittmannsberger and Schony 1986; Holden 1987). In nine studies (Crane 1970; Lehmann et al 1970; Ogita 1972; Famujiwa et al 1979; EzrinWaters et al 1981; Brainin et al 1983; Branchey and Branchey 1984; Richardson et al 1984; Kok and Christopher 1985) there were no patients older than 65 years, while in two studies (Siede and Muller 1967; Ramsay and Millard 1986) only geriatric patients were included.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gender Differences in Tardive Dyskinesia: A Critical Review of the Literature

Yassa

Jeste

1992

Schizophrenia Bulletin

248

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We analyzed data from 76 selected studies on prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD), published through 1989. The primary focus was on gender differences. The overall prevalence of TD in the 39,187 patients included in these reports was 24.2 percent, and prevalence was significantly higher in women (26.6%) than in men (21.6%). The gender difference in TD prevalence appeared to narrow intriguingly in more recent studies. Overall, the TD prevalence seemed to reach its peak in the 50-70-year-old age group in men and continued to rise after age 70 in women. Also, women tended to have more severe TD than men. Spontaneous dyskinesia too was found to be more common in women. The material was also analyzed for cultural differences by comparing studies in four continents: North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Although grouping together studies from different countries in a continent into a single group is somewhat problematic, we found that Asian patients had lower prevalence of TD than North American, European, and African patients. Limitations of our review (including differences among studies in diagnostic criteria, observer bias, etc.) as well as possible explanations for the reported differences in the risk for TD are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Tardive Dyskinesia: A Critical Review of the Literature

Yassa

Jeste

1992

Schizophrenia Bulletin

248

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The only remarkable factor, common to both cases, was the presence of akathisia which had persisted despite drug dose reduction. Evidence from a number of clinical studies shows that akathisia and tardive dyskinesia can co-exist (Brandon, McClelland and Protheroe, 1971;Kennedy, Hershon and McGuire, 1971;Wojcik et al, 1980;Mukherjee et al, 1982;Barnes, Kidger and Gore, 1983). Such an association may appear paradoxical, as akathisia is an acute, dose-related condition which tends to occur at the start of antipsychotic drug therapy and is readily reversible with a reduction in drug dosage, while tardive dyskinesia usually emerges during stable, maintenance medication or on drug withdrawal, and is more common in older patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent akathisia associated with early tardive dyskinesia

Barnes

Braude

1984

Postgraduate Medical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryTwo psychiatric patients developed moderate or severe oro-facial dyskinesia, and limb dyskinesia, at a relatively young age and within a year of starting antipsychotic drug-treatment. This early appearance of tardive dyskinesia was preceded by akathisia that had developed at the beginning of drug therapy and persisted, despite the reduction of their drug doses to maintenance levels. The possibility that persistent akathisia may herald the early onset of tardive dyskinesia, is discussed.KEY WORDS: schizophrenia, parkinsonism. IntroductionTardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder associated with the administration of antipsychotic (dopamine antagonist) drugs and, as its name suggests, has been considered as a side-effect of late-onset. It is characterized by oro-facial and limb dyskinesia. Akathisia is a syndrome of motor restlessness also related to antipsychotic medication and usually described as an acute, dose-related phenomenon. In our recent study (Braude, Barnes and Gore, 1983) of akathisia developing during the in-patient treatment of acute psychiatric patients, the condition was invariably ameliorated by a reduction in drug dose. This finding is in accord with the clinical literature on akathisia which suggests that dosage reduction is the only consistently effective treatment strategy (Hodge, 1959;Raskin, 1972;Van Putten, 1974). In the two patients described here, akathisia persisted despite a reduction in the dose of their antipsychotic medication, from high doses of oral drugs during hospital admission to maintenance doses of depot preparations. This persistent akathisia heralded the early appearance of tardive dyskinesia.

show abstract

“…Sie kann auch im späteren Therapieverlauf einsetzen (Burke et al 1982), die neuroleptische Langzeitbehandlung -z.T. in Kombination mit Tardivdyskinesien -chronisch begleiten (Brandon et al 1971, Burke et al 1982, Faurbye et al 1964, Mukherjee et al 1982 oder gar die neuroleptische Behandlung überdauern (Gardoset al 1987, Kruse 1960, Weineru. Luby 1983.…”

Section: Seidelunclassified

Phänomenologie und Therapie der Neuroleptika-induzierten Akathisie - eine Literaturübersicht

Seidel

1989

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The neuroleptic-induced akathisia (NIA) often appears as a side effect of neuroleptic therapy in psychotic individuals. It can accompany or outlive the period of neuroleptic treatment. Besides the objective symptoms of motor restlessness it is especially the subjective symptoms and complaints as inner restlessness, anxiety, and depression, which cause severe annoyance or even torment patients. Exacerbations of disease symptoms treated with neuroleptics can occur. After outlining development of the concept of akathisia and of the knowledge of NIA some relevant findings in the field of NIA, especially in respect to their clinical pictures and their connections to related neuroleptic-induced side effects, are discussed. Development and present stand of treatment of NIA are described. Treatment with betablockers plays a central role. Pathophysiological aspects are touched in context with therapeutical considerations. The current state of knowledge of NIA allows a better understanding of pathophysiology in neuroleptic side effects in general, enables an almost sufficient treatment of NIA with betablockers, demonstrates the necessity of responsible and cautious use of neuroleptics by physicians and the necessity of careful guidance of such patients who are treated with neuroleptics.

show abstract

Tardive Dyskinesia in Psychiatric Outpatients

Cited by 58 publications

References 29 publications

Gender Differences in Tardive Dyskinesia: A Critical Review of the Literature

Gender Differences in Tardive Dyskinesia: A Critical Review of the Literature

Persistent akathisia associated with early tardive dyskinesia

Phänomenologie und Therapie der Neuroleptika-induzierten Akathisie - eine Literaturübersicht

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About