Tar in Biomass Producer Gas, the Energy research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN) Experience: An Enduring Challenge

Rabou, L.P.L.M.; Zwart, R.W.R.; Vreugdenhil, B.J.; Bos, Lex

doi:10.1021/ef9007032

Cited by 192 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…With increasing temperature these functional groups are cleaved from the aromatic ring generating permanent gases CO, H 2 , CO 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 4 and cyclopentadiene radicals, responsible for the increase of PAHs [45,46]. PAH tertiary tars (see Table A2) increased with temperature which is in accordance with observations reported in literature for magnesite in the same temperature range [47,48]. Increase of PAH tertiary tars could also be explained by the decomposition of the heavier GC undetectable fraction into lighter PAH tertiary tars [11].…”

Section: G/mol) To Benz[a]anthracene (M ≈ 22829 G/mol)supporting

confidence: 90%

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Cynara cardunculus L. gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed: The effect of magnesite and olivine on product gas, tar and gasification performance

Serrano

Kwapińska

Horvat

et al. 2016

Fuel

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Gasification of Cynara cardunculus L. was performed in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) using air as the gasifying agent and magnesite and olivine as different bed materials. Temperature was varied during the experiments (700-800 ºC) with fixed biomass feeding and air flow rates.The effect of using the magnesite and olivine on the gas and tar composition, carbon and biomass conversion, and cold gas efficiency was investigated. The product gas showed high hydrogen content (13-16 %v/v) for both magnesite and olivine in the temperature range studied.Higher heating value and gas yield were improved with increasing the temperature from 700 to 800 ºC. Biomass and carbon conversion were greater than 75%, giving values higher than 90 % for both 700 and 800 ºC in magnesite and for 800 ºC in olivine. Indane and cresols were the main tar compounds at low temperature while naphthalene was the dominant tar species at the high temperatures. Gasification performance was better with magnesite at 700 ºC while olivine showed better properties at 800 ºC.

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Section: G/mol) To Benz[a]anthracene (M ≈ 22829 G/mol)supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Rabou et al [47] reported that Mg present in chicken manure ash was very active in cracking of 4 and 5-ring tar compounds even at 750°C.…”

Section: G/mol) To Benz[a]anthracene (M ≈ 22829 G/mol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cynara cardunculus L. gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed: The effect of magnesite and olivine on product gas, tar and gasification performance

Serrano

Kwapińska

Horvat

et al. 2016

Fuel

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“…Tars can be defined as hydrocarbons with a molecular weight higher than benzene, and are a key impurity produced during the pyrolysis stage of the gasification process [234]. Their formation is heavily dependent on the nature of the gasification process, and thus preventing their formation by optimising this process is the best avenue for reducing tar levels.…”

Section: Gasification and Gas Clean-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some gas cleaning techniques include tar cracking, wet cleaning, the use of active carbon and ZnO [249]. Tar cracking techniques include catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, plasma cracking, scrubbing with water, and scrubbing with oil [234]. Wet gas cleaning is a conventional method where synthesis gas is in contact with fine droplets of water in a counter or co-current flow.…”

Section: Gasification and Gas Clean-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Biomass Syngas Fermentation

2012

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Abstract:The use of gas fermentation for the production of low carbon biofuels such as ethanol or butanol from lignocellulosic biomass is an area currently undergoing intensive research and development, with the first commercial units expected to commence operation in the near future. In this process, biomass is first converted into carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 )-rich synthesis gas (syngas) via gasification, and subsequently fermented to hydrocarbons by acetogenic bacteria. Several studies have been performed over the last few years to optimise both biomass gasification and syngas fermentation with significant progress being reported in both areas. While challenges associated with the scale-up and operation of this novel process remain, this strategy offers numerous advantages compared with established fermentation and purely thermochemical approaches to biofuel production in terms of feedstock flexibility and production cost. In recent times, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology techniques have been applied to gas fermenting organisms, paving the way for gases to be used as the feedstock for the commercial production of increasingly energy dense fuels and more valuable chemicals.

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“…In addition, several additional classifications for biomass tar exists in literature ( [16,18,19]). For example, the classification in primary, secondary, and tertiary tar (see [18]). Another approach was chosen by [8,17].…”

Section: Tar Sampling and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of GCMS tar components in a water gas shift unit operated with tar-rich product gas from an industrial scale dual fluidized bed biomass steam gasification plant

Kraussler

Binder

Hofbauer

2016

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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In this paper, the behavior of gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) tar components in a three-stage water gas shift (WGS) unit is discussed. The GCMS tar measurements were carried out during the long-term operation (2250 h) of a WGS unit with tar-rich product gas from the commercial biomass steam gasification plant in Oberwart, Austria. In order to investigate the behavior of the GCMS tar components, four tar measurements were performed during the long-term operation of the WGS unit which employed a commercial Fe/Cr-based catalyst. The tar-rich product gas was extracted before reaching the scrubbing unit of the biomass steam gasification plant, therefore, the extracted gas contained a high amount of tar. In order to investigate the behavior of the GCMS tar in the WGS unit, the GCMS tar concentrations were determined at the inlet and the outlet of the WGS unit. The samples were taken during full load operation and during partial load operation of the WGS unit, respectively, the biomass steam gasification plant. In addition to the increase of the volumetric hydrogen content from about 40 % (d.b.) to 50 % (d.b.), the amount of GCMS tar was reduced (up to 38 %) as the gas passed through the WGS unit. No catalyst deactivation was observed. Furthermore, the efficiency of the hydrogen increase or the GCMS tar reduction did not depend on whether the operation of the WGS unit, respectively, the gasification plant was at partial load or full load.

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Tar in Biomass Producer Gas, the Energy research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN) Experience: An Enduring Challenge

Cited by 192 publications

References 10 publications

Cynara cardunculus L. gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed: The effect of magnesite and olivine on product gas, tar and gasification performance

Cynara cardunculus L. gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed: The effect of magnesite and olivine on product gas, tar and gasification performance

Commercial Biomass Syngas Fermentation

Behavior of GCMS tar components in a water gas shift unit operated with tar-rich product gas from an industrial scale dual fluidized bed biomass steam gasification plant

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