Tapioca Resistant Maltodextrin as a Carbohydrate Source of Oral Nutrition Supplement (ONS) on Metabolic Indicators: A Clinical Trial

Abstract

Tapioca resistant maltodextrin (TRM) is a novel non-viscous soluble resistant starch that can be utilized in oral nutrition supplements (ONS). This study aims to evaluate acute and long-term metabolic responses and the safe use of ONS containing TRM. This study comprised of two phases: In Phase I, a randomized-cross over control study involving 17 healthy adults was conducted to evaluate three ONS formulations: original (tapioca maltodextrin), TRM15 (15% TRM replacement), and TRM30 (30% TRM replacement). Plasma glucose, serum insulin, and subjective appetite were evaluated postprandially over 180 min. In Phase II, 22 participants consumed one serving/day of ONS for 12 weeks. Blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and body composition were evaluated. Gastrointestinal tolerability was evaluated in both the acute and long-term period. During phase I, TRM30 decreased in area under the curve of serum insulin by 33.12%, compared to the original formula (2320.71 ± 570.76 uIU × min/mL vs. 3470.12 ± 531.87 uIU × min/mL, p = 0.043). In Phase II, 12-week TRM30 supplementation decreased HbA1C in participants (from 5.5 ± 0.07% to 5.2 ± 0.07%, p < 0.001), without any significant effect on fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and body composition. The ONS was well-tolerated in both studies. TRM is therefore, a beneficial functional fiber for various food industries.

Blood Glucose Response of a Low-Carbohydrate Oral Nutritional Supplement with Isomaltulose and Soluble Dietary Fiber in Individuals with Prediabetes: A Randomized, Single-Blind Crossover Trial

“…As for the effect of soluble dietary fiber, the ONS with 23% of carbohydrates replaced with tapioca-derived resistant maltodextrin showed about 5% lower peak value of postprandial blood glucose than the standard ONS, but the difference was not significant [30]. On the other hand, the ONS with 8% of total carbohydrates replaced with soluble dietary fiber (polydextrose) and 15% with a low glycemic response-carbohydrate (fructose) reported a 33% reduction in postprandial blood glucose iAUC compared to the control ONS [31].…”

Synthesis of Pyrodextrins and Enzymatically Resistant Maltodextrins from Makal (Xanthosoma yucatenensis) Starch

“…90 % of ERMs reach the large intestine and 50 % are fermented ( 41 ), they have been shown to function as prebiotics and can increase the production of short-chain fatty acids ( 30 ). In addition, there are reports that justify their use for satiety ( 42 ), mass control ( 13 ) and control of blood sugar levels ( 40 ). All this allows us to theorize that the ERM from makal obtained in this study could be associated with positive metabolic profiles when used as a functional food ingredient.…”

“…Based on the abundant evidence in scientific literature on beneficial health effects of ERM such as indigestibility ( 12 ), fermentability and mass control ( 13 ), the present research aims to synthesize ERM from a non-conventional plant source of starch, makal ( Xanthosoma yucatenense ), by applying a factorial design based on response surface methodology. First, a pyrodextrinization process was developed (using three variables: m (starch)/ V (acid) ratio, temperature and reaction time), followed by a complementary hydrolysis (using two variables: α-amylase per pyrodextrin volume fraction and reaction time) to finally synthesize ERM.…”

The impact of slowly digestible and resistant starch on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance

“…The last one, based on 12 studies, showed limited evidence with no effect of RS2 on the glycemic profile and control of these patients [ 34 ]. Recently, studies have shown that RS4 reduced fasting glycemia and HbA1c in prediabetic subjects [ 35 ] and significantly lowered level in fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) indicating a better insulin sensitivity following the ingestion of RS, even if HbA1c and fasting blood glucose did not change [ 36 ]. As in healthy subjects, RS stimulates the production of SCFAs by the microbiota, modulating the production of incretins, with beneficial effects on insulin production and sensitivity, and glucose disposal in tissues [ 31 ▪▪ ].…”